Sharh Qatr an-Nada by Ibn Hisham (شرح قطر الندى وبل الصدى) — Page 183

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

النَّكِرَةُ وَالْمَعْرِفَةُ: الاِسْمُ الْمَوْصُولُ.

The Indefinite and the Definite: The Relative Noun.

قَوْلُهُ: «بِئْرِي ذُو حَفَرْتُ» مُبْتَدَأٌ وَخَبَرًا فَقَدْ عَطَفَتِ الْوَاوُ جُمْلَةً عَلَى جُمْلَةٍ، أَيْ: عَطَفَتْ جُمْلَةَ الْمُبْتَدَأِ وَالْخَبَرِ عَلَى جُمْلَةِ إِنَّ وَاسْمِهَا وَخَبَرِهَا، وَإِنْ قَدَّرْتَ قَوْلَهُ «بِئْرِي» مَعْطُوفًا عَلَى اسْمِ إِنَّ، وَقَوْلَهُ «ذُو» مَعْطُوفًا عَلَى خَبَرِ إِنَّ فَقَدْ عَطَفَتِ الْوَاوُ مُفْرَدَيْنِ عَلَى مُفْرَدَيْنِ عَامِلُهُمَا وَاحِدٌ، وَقَوْلُهُ «حَفَرْتُ» فِعْلٌ وَفَاعِلٌ، وَالْجُمْلَةُ مِنْهُمَا لَا مَحَلَّ لَهَا مِنَ الْإِعْرَابِ صِلَةُ الْمَوْصُولِ، وَالْعَائِدُ ضَمِيرٌ مَنْصُوبٌ بِحَرْفٍ مَحْذُوفٍ، تَقْدِيرُهُ: وَبِئْرِي ذُو حَفَرْتُهَا، وَ«ذُو» الْوَاوُ حَرْفُ عَطْفٍ، وَ«ذُو»: اسْمٌ مَوْصُولٌ مَعْطُوفٌ عَلَى الِاسْمِ الْمَوْصُولِ السَّابِقِ، «طُوِيَتْ» فِعْلٌ وَفَاعِلٌ، وَجُمْلَتُهَا لَا مَحَلَّ لَهَا مِنَ الْإِعْرَابِ صِلَةُ الْمَوْصُولِ السَّابِقِ، وَالْعَائِدُ ضَمِيرٌ مَنْصُوبٌ بِطُوًى مَحْذُوفٍ، وَالتَّقْدِيرُ: وَبِئْرِي ذُو طُوِيتُهَا مَرَّتَيْنِ.

In the phrase 'Bi'ri dhu hafartu', if treated as a subject and predicate, the 'waw' conjoins one sentence to another. This means it links the subject-predicate clause to the clause of 'inna' and its noun and predicate. Alternatively, if you treat 'bi'ri' as conjoined to the noun of 'inna' and 'dhu' as conjoined to the predicate of 'inna', the 'waw' links two singulars to two other singulars governed by the same element. The phrase 'hafartu' consists of a verb and subject, forming a relative clause with no grammatical position, where the referent is a pronoun in the accusative case governed by a deleted preposition, understood as 'wa bi'ri dhu hafartuha'. As for 'dhu', the 'waw' is a conjunction, and 'dhu' is a relative noun linked to the preceding relative noun. 'Tuwiyat' is a verb and subject, forming a relative clause with no grammatical position, where the referent is a pronoun in the accusative case governed by a deleted 'tuwan', understood as 'wa bi'ri dhu tuwituha marratayn'.

الشَّاهِدُ فِيهِ: قَوْلُهُ «وَبِئْرِي ذُو حَفَرْتُ، وَذُو طُوِيتُ» حَيْثُ اسْتَعْمَلَ فِيهِ «ذُو» اسْمًا مَوْصُولًا، بِمَعْنَى الَّتِي؛ وَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ الْبِئْرَ مُؤَنَّثَةٌ فِي الْمَعْنَى وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي لَفْظِهَا عَلَامَةٌ دَالَّةٌ عَلَى التَّأْنِيثِ؛ فَهِيَ مِثْلُ زَيْنَبَ وَهِنْدٍ وَنَحْوِهِمَا مِنْ كُلِّ مُؤَنَّثٍ مِنْ غَيْرِ تَاءٍ وَلَا أَلِفٍ.

The evidence here is the phrase 'wa bi'ri dhu hafartu, wa dhu tuwitu', where 'dhu' is used as a relative noun meaning 'allati' (which). This is because 'bi'r' (well) is feminine in meaning, even if its form lacks a feminine marker. It functions like Zaynab, Hind, or any other feminine noun that lacks a 'ta' or 'alif' suffix.

…3 more translated lines, 13 more verbs and 48 more nouns on this page — subscribe to study every page.

Vocabulary · المفردات (16 verbs · 51 nouns)

• حَفَرَ — to dig
• عَطَفَ — to join
• قَدَّرَ — to estimate
• نَكِرَة — indefinite
• مَعْرِفَة — definite noun
• اسْم — noun