Sharh Qatr an-Nada by Ibn Hisham (شرح قطر الندى وبل الصدى) — Page 145

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

جَوَازِمُ الْمُضَارِعِ.

Jussive particles for the imperfect verb.

وَيَجْزِمُ فِعْلَيْنِ: إِنْ، وَإِذْمَا، وَأَيْنَ، وَأَنَّى، وَأَيَّانَ، وَمَتَى، وَمَهْمَا، وَمَنْ، وَمَا، وَحَيْثُمَا، نَحْوُ: ﴿إِنْ يَشَأْ يُذْهِبْكُمْ﴾، ﴿مَنْ يَعْمَلْ سُوءًا يُجْزَ بِهِ﴾، ﴿مَا نَنْسَخْ مِنْ آيَةٍ أَوْ نُنْسِهَا نَأْتِ بِخَيْرٍ مِنْهَا﴾، وَيُسَمَّى الْأَوَّلُ شَرْطًا وَالثَّانِي جَوَابًا وَجَزَاءً، وَإِذَا لَمْ يَصْلُحْ لِمُبَاشَرَةِ الْأَدَاةِ قُرِنَ بِالْفَاءِ نَحْوُ: ﴿وَإِنْ يَمْسَسْكَ بِخَيْرٍ فَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ﴾ أَوْ بِإِذَا الْفُجَائِيَّةِ، نَحْوُ: ﴿وَإِنْ تُصِبْهُمْ سَيِّئَةٌ بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ إِذَا هُمْ يَقْنَطُونَ﴾.

These particles govern two verbs in the jussive mood: in, idhma, ayna, anna, ayyana, mata, mahma, man, ma, and haythuma. Examples include: 'If He wills, He can take you away,' 'Whoever does evil will be recompensed for it,' and 'Whatever verse We abrogate or cause to be forgotten, We bring one better than it.' The first verb is termed the condition, while the second is the response or recompense. If the second verb cannot follow the particle directly, it is linked with the fa, as in: 'If He touches you with good, then He is over all things competent.' Alternatively, it may be linked with the idha of suddenness, as in: 'If an evil befalls them for what their hands have put forth, lo, they despair.'

ش: لَمَّا انْقَضَى الْكَلَامُ عَلَى مَا يَنْصِبُ الْفِعْلَ الْمُضَارِعَ شَرَعَ فِي الْكَلَامِ عَلَى مَا يَجْزِمُهُ؛ وَالْجَازِمُ ضَرْبَانِ: جَازِمٌ لِفِعْلٍ وَاحِدٍ، وَجَازِمٌ لِفِعْلَيْنِ.

Commentary: Having finished the discussion on particles that make the imperfect verb accusative, the author begins the discussion on those that make it jussive. Jussive agents are of two types: those that govern a single verb and those that govern two.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (29 verbs · 38 nouns)

• جَزَمَ — to jussive-mark
• شَاءَ — to will
• ذَهَبَ — to go
• مُضَارِعٌ — present tense
• فِعْلٌ — verb
• نَحْوٌ — example