Sharh Qatr an-Nada by Ibn Hisham (شرح قطر الندى وبل الصدى) — Page 144

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَتَقُولُ : « لَا تَأْكُلِ السَّمَكَ وَتَشْرَبَ اللَّبَنَ » فَتَنْصِبُ « تَشْرَبَ » إِنْ قَصَدْتَ النَّهْيَ عَنِ الْجَمْعِ بَيْنَهُمَا ، وَتَجْزِمُ إِنْ قَصَدْتَ النَّهْيَ عَنْ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا ، أَيْ لَا تَأْكُلِ السَّمَكَ وَلَا تَشْرَبِ اللَّبَنَ ، وَتَرْفَعُ إِنْ نَهَيْتَ عَنِ الْأَوَّلِ ، وَأَبَحْتَ الثَّانِيَ ، أَيْ : لَا تَأْكُلِ السَّمَكَ وَلَكَ شُرْبُ اللَّبَنِ

You might say, 'Do not eat fish and drink milk.' You use the accusative case for 'drink' if you mean to forbid the combination of the two. You use the jussive if you mean to forbid each one individually—that is, 'Do not eat fish and do not drink milk.' You use the nominative if you forbid the first but permit the second, meaning, 'Do not eat fish, but you may drink milk.'

فَإِنْ سَقَطَتِ الْفَاءُ بَعْدَ الطَّلَبِ وَقُصِدَ الْجَزَاءُ جُزِمَ ، نَحْوَ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ﴿ قُلْ تَعَالَوْا أَتْلُ ﴾ وَشَرْطُ الْجَزْمِ بَعْدَ النَّهْيِ صِحَّةُ حُلُولِ « إِنْ لَا » مَحَلَّهُ ، نَحْوَ « لَا تَدْنُ مِنَ الْأَسَدِ تَسْلَمْ » ، بِخِلَافِ « لَا تَدْنُ مِنَ الْأَسَدِ يَأْكُلُكَ

If the 'fa' is omitted after a request and a consequence is intended, the verb takes the jussive, as in the Quranic verse, 'Say: Come, I will recite.' The condition for using the jussive after a prohibition is that 'if not' could logically replace it, as in 'Do not approach the lion, you will be safe,' which differs from 'Do not approach the lion, it will eat you.'

وَيُجْزَمُ أَيْضًا بِلَمْ ، نَحْوَ لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ ، وَلَمَّا ، نَحْوَ لَمَّا يَقْضِ ، وَبِاللَّامِ وَ « لَا » الطَّلَبِيَّتَيْنِ ، نَحْوَ لِيُنْفِقْ ، لِيَقْضِ ، لَا تُشْرِكْ ، لَا تُؤَاخِذْنَا

The jussive is also triggered by 'lam,' as in 'He begets not, nor is He begotten'; by 'lamma,' as in 'He has not yet fulfilled'; and by the 'lam' and 'la' used for requests, such as 'Let him spend,' 'Let him fulfill,' 'Do not associate,' and 'Do not punish us.'

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Vocabulary · المفردات (25 verbs · 39 nouns)

• قَالَ — to say
• أَكَلَ — to eat
• شَرِبَ — to drink
• لَبَنٌ — milk
• سَمَكٌ — fish
• جَمْعٌ — combination