Sharh Qatr an-Nada by Ibn Hisham (شرح قطر الندى وبل الصدى) — Page 140

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَاشْتَرَطْتُ فِي الطَّلَبِ أَنْ يَكُونَ بِالْفِعْلِ احْتِرَازاً مِنْ نَحْوِ قَوْلِكَ : « نَزَالِ فَنُكْرِمُكَ » وَ « صَهْ فَنُحَدِّثُكَ » خِلَافاً لِلْكِسَائِيِّ فِي إِجَازَةِ ذَلِكَ مُطْلَقاً ، وَلَا بْنِ جِنِّي وَابْنِ عُصْفُورٍ فِي إِجَازَتِهِ بَعْدَ « نَزَالِ » وَ « دَرَاكِ » وَنَحْوِهِمَا مِمَّا فِيهِ لَفْظُ الْفِعْلِ ، دُونَ صَهْ وَمَهْ وَنَحْوِهِمَا مِمَّا فِيهِ مَعْنَى الْفِعْلِ دُونَ حُرُوفِهِ ، وَقَدْ صَرَّحْتُ بِهَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ فِي الْمُقَدِّمَةِ فِي بَابِ اسْمِ الْفِعْلِ

I stipulated that the request must involve a verb to avoid constructions like 'Nazali (descend) so we may honor you' or 'Sah (hush) so we may speak to you.' This differs from al-Kisa'i, who permitted this absolutely, and from Ibn Jinni and Ibn 'Usfur, who allowed it only after forms like 'Nazali' and 'Daraki' that contain the verb's actual root letters, rather than forms like 'Sah' or 'Mah' that carry the meaning of a verb without its letters. I have clarified this point in the introduction under the chapter on verbal nouns.

السَّاكِنَيْنِ مَنَعَ مِنْ ظُهُورِهَا الثِّقَلُ كَمَنْ ( الْكَافُ حَرْفُ جَرٍّ ، مَنْ : اسْمٌ مَوْصُولٌ الَّذِي مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُونِ فِي مَحَلِّ جَرٍّ بِالْكَافِ ، وَالْجَارُّ وَالْمَجْرُورُ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِمَحْذُوفٍ خَبَرِ الْمُبْتَدَأِ « سَمِعَا » فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ ، مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الْفَتْحِ لَا مَحَلَّ لَهُ مِنَ الْإِعْرَابِ ، وَالْأَلِفُ حَرْفٌ دَالٌّ عَلَى الْإِطْلَاقِ ، وَالْفَاعِلُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ جَوَازاً تَقْدِيرُهُ هُوَ يَعُودُ إِلَى الِاسْمِ الْمَوْصُولِ الَّذِي هُوَ مَنْ ، وَالْجُمْلَةُ مِنَ الْفِعْلِ وَالْفَاعِلِ لَا مَحَلَّ لَهَا مِنَ الْإِعْرَابِ صِلَةُ الْمَوْصُولِ

Heaviness prevented the appearance of the two quiescent letters, as in 'ka-man' (where 'ka' is a preposition, 'man' is a relative noun indeclinable on quiescence in the genitive case governed by 'ka', and the prepositional phrase relates to an omitted predicate). 'Sami'a' is a past verb, indeclinable on the fatha, with no inflectional role. The alif indicates absolute usage, and the subject is a permissible hidden pronoun referring back to the relative noun 'man'. The entire verbal sentence has no inflectional role, serving as the relative clause.

الشَّاهِدُ فِيهِ : قَوْلُهُ ( فَتُبْصِرَ ) حَيْثُ نَصَبَ الْفِعْلَ الْمُضَارِعَ الَّذِي هُوَ تُبْصِرَ ، بِأَنْ الْمُضْمَرَةِ وُجُوباً بَعْدَ فَاءِ السَّبَبِيَّةِ الْوَاقِعَةِ فِي جَوَابِ الْعَرْضِ الْمَدْلُولِ عَلَيْهِ بِقَوْلِهِ ( أَلَا تَدْنُو ) وَالْعَرْضُ : هُوَ الطَّلَبُ بِلِينٍ وَرِفْقٍ ، وَمِثْلُ هَذَا الشَّاهِدِ قَوْلُ أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ أَبِي الصَّلْتِ : أَلَا رَسُولَ لَنَا مِنَّا فَيُخْبِرَنَا مَا بَعْدُ غَايَتِنَا مِنْ رَأْسِ مَجْرَانَا

The evidence here is the phrase 'fa-tubsira' (so you may see), where the imperfect verb 'tubsira' is put in the accusative case by an implicitly required 'an' following the 'fa' of causality. This occurs in response to an offer, indicated by the phrase 'ala tadnu' (will you not draw near?). An offer is a request made with gentleness and kindness. A similar example is the line by Umayyah ibn Abi al-Salt: 'Is there not a messenger for us from among our own, to tell us what lies beyond our destination from the start of our course?'

…1 more translated lines, 18 more verbs and 71 more nouns on this page — subscribe to study every page.

Vocabulary · المفردات (21 verbs · 74 nouns)

• اشْتَرَطَ — to stipulate
• كَانَ — to be
• كَرُمَ — to honor
• طَلَب — request
• فِعْل — verb
• احْتِرَاز — precaution