Sharh Qatr an-Nada by Ibn Hisham (شرح قطر الندى وبل الصدى) — Page 127

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

نَوَاصِبُ الْمُضَارِعِ

The Accusative Particles of the Imperfect Verb.

وَلَوْ كَانَتِ اللَّامُ مَسْبُوقَةً بِكَوْنٍ مَاضٍ مَنْفِيٍّ وَجَبَ إِضْمَارُ « أَنْ » سَوَاءٌ كَانَ الْمُضِيُّ فِي اللَّفْظِ وَالْمَعْنَى ، نَحْوَ : ﴿ وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيُعَذِّبَهُمْ وَأَنْتَ فِيهِمْ ﴾ ، أَوْ فِي الْمَعْنَى فَقَطْ ، نَحْوَ : ﴿ وَلَمْ يَكُنِ اللَّهُ لِيَغْفِرَ ﴾ ، وَتُسَمَّى هَذِهِ اللَّامُ ( لَامَ الْجُحُودِ

If the 'lam' (preposition) is preceded by a negated past tense 'kawn' (being/existence), it is mandatory to conceal 'an', whether the past tense is in wording and meaning, such as: 'And Allah would not punish them while you are among them', or in meaning only, such as: 'And Allah would not forgive them', and this 'lam' is called (the 'lam' of denial).

وَتَلَخَّصَ أَنَّ لِأَنْ بَعْدَ اللَّامِ ثَلَاثَ حَالَاتٍ : وُجُوبُ الْإِضْمَارِ ، وَذَلِكَ بَعْدَ لَامِ الْجُحُودِ ، وَوُجُوبُ الْإِظْهَارِ ، وَذَلِكَ إِذَا اقْتَرَنَ الْفِعْلُ بِلَا ، وَجَوَازُ الْوَجْهَيْنِ ، وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا بَقِيَ ، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : ﴿ وَأُمِرْنَا لِنُسْلِمَ لِرَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ ﴾ ، وَقَالَ تَعَالَى : ﴿ وَأُمِرْتُ لِأَنْ أَكُونَ

It is summarized that 'an' after the 'lam' has three states: mandatory concealment, which is after the 'lam' of denial; mandatory expression, which is when the verb is coupled with 'la'; and the permissibility of both, which is in the remaining cases; Allah the Almighty said: 'And we have been commanded to submit to the Lord of the worlds', and He the Almighty said: 'And I have been commanded to be'.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (21 verbs · 28 nouns)

• سَبَقَ — to precede
• وَجَبَ — to be necessary
• أَضْمَرَ — to conceal
• نَاصِبٌ — accusative particle
• مُضَارِعٌ — present tense
• لَامٌ — lam letter