Sharh Qatr an-Nada by Ibn Hisham (شرح قطر الندى وبل الصدى) — Page 122

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

أَيْ: أَلَمْ تَعْلَمُوا، وَيُؤَيِّدُهُ قِرَاءَةُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: ﴿أَفَلَمْ يَتَبَيَّنْ﴾، وَعَنِ الْفَرَّاءِ إِنْكَارُ كَوْنِ يَيْأَسُ بِمَعْنَى يَعْلَمُ، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ.

Meaning: Did you not know? This is supported by Ibn Abbas’s reading, 'Did it not become clear?' Al-Farra’ denied that 'ya’as' (despair) could mean 'ya’lam' (know), but his view is weak.

الثَّانِيَةُ: أَنْ يَتَقَدَّمَ عَلَيْهَا ظَنٌّ، فَيَجُوزُ أَنْ تَكُونَ مُخَفَّفَةً مِنَ الثَّقِيلَةِ، فَيَكُونُ حُكْمُهَا كَمَا ذَكَرْنَا، وَيَجُوزُ أَنْ تَكُونَ نَاصِبَةً، وَهُوَ الْأَرْجَحُ فِي «تَيْأَسُوا» فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ مَجْزُومٌ بِلَمْ، وَعَلَامَةُ جَزْمِهِ حَذْفُ النُّونِ، وَوَاوُ الْجَمَاعَةِ فَاعِلٌ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُونِ فِي مَحَلِّ رَفْعٍ.

The second case is when it is preceded by conjecture (dhann). It may be the lightened form of the heavy 'anna', in which case its ruling is as we stated. Alternatively, it may act as an accusative particle, which is more likely here. 'Ta’yasu' (you despair) is a present tense verb made jussive by 'lam', with the omission of the nun as its sign, while the plural waw functions as the subject, fixed on sukun in the nominative position.

«أَنِّي» أَنَّ: حَرْفُ تَوْكِيدٍ وَنَصْبٍ، وَيَاءُ الْمُتَكَلِّمِ اسْمُ أَنَّ، مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُونِ فِي مَحَلِّ نَصْبٍ «ابْنُ» خَبَرُ أَنَّ، مَرْفُوعٌ بِالضَّمَّةِ الظَّاهِرَةِ، وَابْنُ مُضَافٌ وَفَارِسٌ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ مَجْرُورٌ بِالْإِضَافَةِ، وَعَلَامَةُ جَرِّهِ الْكَسْرَةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ، وَفَارِسٌ مُضَافٌ وَ«زَهْدَمٌ» مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ، مَجْرُورٌ وَعَلَامَةُ جَرِّهِ الْكَسْرَةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ فِي آخِرِهِ، وَجُمْلَةُ أَنَّ وَاسْمِهَا وَخَبَرِهَا فِي مَحَلِّ نَصْبٍ سَدَّتْ مَسَدَّ مَفْعُولَيْ تَيْأَسُوا الَّذِي هُوَ بِمَعْنَى تَعْلَمُوا.

In 'anni', 'anna' is a particle of emphasis and accusative. The speaker’s ya is its noun, fixed on sukun in the accusative position. 'Ibnu' is the predicate, nominative with an apparent damma. 'Ibnu' is in a genitive construction with 'Faris', which is governed by the construction and marked by an apparent kasra. 'Faris' is in turn in a genitive construction with 'Zahdam', which is also governed and marked by an apparent kasra at its end. The clause formed by 'anna' and its noun and predicate occupies the accusative position, serving as the two objects of 'ta’yasu', which here carries the meaning of 'ta’lamu' (you know).

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Vocabulary · المفردات (27 verbs · 79 nouns)

• عَلِمَ — to know
• أَيَّدَ — to support
• تَبَيَّنَ — to become clear
• قِرَاءَة — reading
• إِنْكَار — denial
• كَوْن — being