Sharh Qatr an-Nada by Ibn Hisham (شرح قطر الندى وبل الصدى) — Page 117

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

نَوَاصِبُ الْمُضَارِعِ.

Particles that govern the imperfect verb in the accusative case.

وَلَوْ قُلْتَ: «إِذَنْ يَا زَيْدُ» قُلْتَ: «أُكْرِمُكَ» بِالرَّفْعِ، وَكَذَا إِذَا قُلْتَ: «إِذَنْ فِي الدَّارِ أُكْرِمُكَ» وَ«إِذَنْ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ أُكْرِمُكَ» كُلُّ ذَلِكَ بِالرَّفْعِ.

If you say, "Idhan ya Zayd," you must use the nominative case for the verb, saying "ukrimuka." The same rule applies if you say, "Idhan fi al-dari ukrimuka" or "Idhan yawma al-jum'ati ukrimuka"; in all these cases, the verb remains in the nominative.

ص: وَبِأَنْ الْمَصْدَرِيَّةِ، ظَاهِرَةً نَحْوُ: ﴿لَوْ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ لِي﴾ مَا لَمْ تُسْبَقْ بِعِلْمٍ نَحْوُ: ﴿عَلِمَ أَنْ سَيَكُونُ مِنْكُمْ مَرْضَى﴾ فَإِنْ سُبِقَتْ بِظَنٍّ فَوَجْهَانِ نَحْوُ: ﴿وَحَسِبُوا أَنْ لَا تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ﴾، وَمُضْمَرَةً جَوَازاً بَعْدَ عَاطِفٍ مَسْبُوقٍ بِاسْمٍ خَالِصٍ، نَحْوُ: وَلُبْسُ عَبَاءَةٍ وَتَقَرَّ عَيْنِي، وَبَعْدَ اللَّامِ نَحْوُ: وَلِتُبَيِّنَ لِلنَّاسِ، إِلَّا فِي نَحْوِ: لِئَلَّا يَعْلَمَ، وَلِئَلَّا يَكُونَ لِلنَّاسِ فَتَظْهَرُ لَا غَيْرُ، وَنَحْوُ: ﴿وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيُعَذِّبَهُمْ﴾ فَتُضْمَرُ لَا غَيْرُ، كَإِضْمَارِهَا بَعْدَ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ مُسْتَقْبَلاً، نَحْوُ: ﴿حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ إِلَيْنَا مُوسَى﴾ وَبَعْدَ أَوْ الَّتِي بِمَعْنَى إِلَى نَحْوُ: لَأَسْتَسْهِلَنَّ الصَّعْبَ أَوْ أُدْرِكَ الْمُنَى، أَوْ الَّتِي بِمَعْنَى إِلَّا نَحْوُ: الشَّاهِدُ فِيهِ: قَوْلُهُ «إِذَنْ وَاللَّهِ نَرْمِيَهُمْ» حَيْثُ نَصَبَ الْفِعْلَ الْمُضَارِعَ، وَهُوَ نَرْمِي، بِإِذَنْ، مَعَ الْفَصْلِ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالْقَسَمِ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ: وَاللَّهِ.

Text: The verb is also made accusative by the infinitive particle 'an'. It appears explicitly, as in "law an yaghfira li," provided it is not preceded by a verb of certainty, such as "'alima an sayakunu minkum marda." If it is preceded by a verb of conjecture, both cases are permissible, as in "wa-hasibu an la takuna fitnatun." It may be implied optionally after a conjunction preceded by a pure noun, such as "wa-lubsu 'aba'atin wa-taqarra 'ayni." It is also implied after the 'lam' of purpose, as in "wa-litubayyina lil-nasi," except in instances like "li'alla ya'lama" or "wa-li'alla yakuna lil-nasi," where it must appear explicitly. In cases like "wa-ma kana Allahu liyu'adhibahum," it must be implied, just as it is after 'hatta' when referring to the future, such as "hatta yarji'a ilayna Musa." This also applies after 'aw' when it carries the meaning of 'until,' as in "la'astashillanna al-sa'ba aw udrika al-muna," or when it carries the meaning of 'except.' The evidence for this is the phrase "Idhan wallahi narmiyahum," where the imperfect verb 'narmi' is made accusative by 'idhan' despite the intervening oath, 'wallahi.'

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Vocabulary · المفردات (24 verbs · 50 nouns)

• قَالَ — to say
• أَكْرَمَ — to honor
• غَفَرَ — to forgive
• نَاصِب — accusative particle
• مُضَارِع — present tense verb
• رَفْع — nominative case