Subul al-Salam — Sharh Nawaqid al-Islam by Ibn Baz (شرح نواقض الإسلام) — Page 269

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

مَوَانِعُ تَكْفِيرِ الْمُعَيَّنِ.

Impediments to declaring a specific individual a disbeliever.

الْكَلَامُ عَلَى حُجِّيَّةِ الْمِيثَاقِ.

Discussion on the authority of the Covenant.

قَالَ ابْنُ بَازٍ: «إِنَّ هَذَا الْأَخْذَ لَيْسَ هُوَ الْمُعْتَمَدَ، بَلْ لَا يَكْفِي إِلَّا بَعْدَمَا جَاءَتْ بِهِ الرُّسُلُ تُذَكِّرُ بِهِ وَتَدْعُو إِلَيْهِ وَتَأْخُذُ بِهِ، فَهُوَ حُجَّةٌ قَدِيمَةٌ غَفَلَ عَنْهَا النَّاسُ، جَاءَتِ الرُّسُلُ تُذَكِّرُ بِهَا وَتَدْعُو إِلَيْهَا وَتَأْخُذُ بِهَا، فَمَنْ جَاءَتْهُ الرُّسُلُ الْمُوَضِّحَةُ وَالْمُرْشِدَةُ إِلَى مَا أَخَذَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَى الْأَوَائِلِ قَامَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْحُجَّةُ وَمَنْ لَا فَلَا، فَالْأُولَى قَدِيمَةٌ أَخَذَهَا اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَأَوْضَحَ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُ رَبُّهُمْ وَإِلَهُهُمُ الْحَقُّ - سُبْحَانَهُ - بِوُجُودِ آدَمَ، وَمِنْ شَهَادَةِ آدَمَ هَذِهِ هُمْ عَنْهَا غَافِلُونَ وَلَمْ يَعْرِفُوهَا، لَكِنْ لَمَّا جَاءَتِ الرُّسُلُ ذَكَّرَتْهُمْ فَصَارَتْ هَذِهِ حُجَّةً وَهَذِهِ حُجَّةً، مِثْلُ إِنْسَانٍ عَلَيْهِ بَيِّنَةٌ وَعَلَيْهِ شُهُودٌ فِي حَقٍّ وَنَسِيَ ثُمَّ جَاءَ مَنْ يُذَكِّرُهُ بِهَذِهِ الْبَيِّنَةِ وَيُذَكِّرُهُ بِهَذِهِ الشُّهُودِ وَيَقُولُ: قَدْ أُخِذَ عَلَيْكَ أَمْرٌ، وَقَدْ وُجِّهَ لَكَ الْأَمْرُ، قَدْ شَهِدَ عَلَيْكَ فُلَانٌ وَفُلَانٌ، فَقَامَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْحُجَّةُ بِالْبَيِّنَةِ الْأَخِيرَةِ بِهَذِهِ الَّتِي وَضَّحَتْ لَهُ الْأَمْرَ الْمَاضِيَ، وَصَارَ عَلَيْهِ حُجَّتَانِ: حُجَّةٌ قَدِيمَةٌ نَسِيَهَا أَوْ غَفَلَ عَنْهَا فَذُكِّرَ بِهَا، وَحُجَّةٌ جَدِيدَةٌ، وَهِيَ الَّتِي جَاءَتْ بِهَا الرُّسُلُ وَقَامَتْ بِهَا الْبَيِّنَاتُ الْأَخِيرَةُ، فَصَارَ مَأْخُوذًا بِالْأَوَّلِ وَالْآخِرِ، فَالْأَوَّلُ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَذْكُرْهُ لِأَنَّهُ ذُكِّرَ بِهِ وَبُيِّنَ لَهُ، وَبِالْآخِرِ إِذْ أَنَّهُ حُجَّةٌ قَائِمَةٌ مُسْتَقِلَّةٌ..

Ibn Baz said: 'This taking [of the covenant] is not what is relied upon; rather, it is not sufficient until after the Messengers have come, reminding of it, calling to it, and holding people to it. It is an ancient proof that people have become heedless of, and the Messengers came to remind them of it, call them to it, and hold them to it. So, whoever is reached by the Messengers who clarify and guide to what Allah took from the first generations, the proof is established against him, and whoever is not, then it is not. The first [covenant] is ancient, which Allah took from them, and He clarified to them that He is their Lord and their true God—Glory be to Him—through the existence of Adam, and they are heedless of this testimony of Adam and did not recognize it. However, when the Messengers came, they reminded them, so this became a proof and that became a proof. It is like a person who has evidence and witnesses against him regarding a right, and he forgets, then someone comes to remind him of this evidence and these witnesses, saying: "A matter was taken from you, the matter was directed at you, and so-and-so and so-and-so testified against you." Thus, the proof is established against him by the latter evidence, which clarified the past matter to him, and he now has two proofs against him: an ancient proof that he forgot or was heedless of, so he was reminded of it, and a new proof, which is what the Messengers brought and what the latter evidences established. Consequently, he is held accountable for both the first and the last; the first, even if he does not remember it, because he was reminded of it and it was clarified to him, and the last, as it is an independent, established proof.'

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Vocabulary · المفردات (30 verbs · 37 nouns)

• قَالَ — to say
• كَفَى — to suffice
• جَاءَ — to come
• مَانِعٌ — preventer
• تَكْفِيرٌ — declaring someone an infidel
• مُعَيَّنٌ — specific person