Subul al-Salam — Sharh Nawaqid al-Islam by Ibn Baz (شرح نواقض الإسلام) — Page 220

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

عَامَلَ النَّبِيُّ حَاطِبًا، لَكِنَّ الأَصْلَ أَنَّ الْجَاسُوسَ يُقْتَلُ هَذَا هُوَ الأَصْلُ لِأَنَّ الرَّسُولَ لَمَّا مَنَعَ قَتْلَهُ قَالَ: «لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ اطَّلَعَ» إِلَى آخِرِهِ، فَدَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَوْلَا هَذَا لَقُتِلَ

The Prophet showed leniency toward Hatib, yet the standard rule is that a spy must be executed. This is the established principle, as the Messenger’s refusal to execute him—citing the possibility that Allah had looked upon the people of Badr—implies that he would otherwise have been killed.

وَهَذِهِ الْخَصْلَةُ قَدْ يُشَارِكُهُ فِيهَا مَنْ سَبَقَتْ لَهُ أَعْمَالٌ صَالِحَةٌ وَمَشَاهِدُ كَبِيرَةٌ وَأَعْمَالٌ جَلِيلَةٌ فِي نَصْرِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَالْمُسْلِمِينَ وَفِي إِعَانَةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ثُمَّ زَلَّ وَهَفَا هَفْوَةً تُوجِبُ قَتْلَهُ لَكِنَّ هَذِهِ الْمَشَاهِدَ وَهَذِهِ الْأَعْمَالِ الصَّالِحَةَ قَدْ يَرَى فِيهَا وَلِيُّ الْأَمْرِ أَنَّهَا تَشْفَعُ لَهُ فِي قَبُولِ عُذْرِهِ وَدَفْعِ هَذِهِ الزَّلَّةِ.

This situation may apply to someone with a history of righteous deeds, significant service in battle, and noble efforts to support Islam and the Muslim community. If such a person commits a grave error that would normally warrant execution, the ruler may find that these past contributions serve as grounds to accept his excuse and overlook the lapse.

وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: «وَهَذَا يُبَيِّنُ لَنَا أَنَّ الْجَاسُوسَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ يَسْتَحِقُّ الْقَتْلَ، وَأَنَّ مَا دَفَعَ الْقَتْلَ عَنْ حَاطِبٍ أَمْرَانِ وَهُمَا صِدْقُهُ فِيمَا قَالَ وَأَنَّهُ حَصَلَ لَهُ شُبْهَةٌ فِي هَذَا الشَّيْءِ وَكَوْنُهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ فَدَفَعَ عَنْهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ذَلِكَ، فَدَلَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنَّ الْجَاسُوسَ مِنْ غَيْرِ هَذَا الصِّنْفِ يَسْتَحِقُّ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ؛ لِأَنَّهُ يَضُرُّ بِالْمُسْلِمِينَ وَيُبَيِّنُ بَعْضَ عَوْرَاتِهِمْ وَيُعِينُ الْعَدُوَّ عَلَيْهِمْ،

He stated elsewhere: 'This clarifies that a spy among the polytheists deserves execution. Two factors spared Hatib: his honesty regarding his actions, and the fact that he acted under a misconception, combined with his status as a veteran of Badr. The Prophet, peace be upon him, granted him clemency on these grounds. This indicates that a spy lacking such credentials deserves death, as he harms the Muslims, exposes their vulnerabilities, and assists their enemies.'

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Vocabulary · المفردات (27 verbs · 36 nouns)

• عَامَلَ — to treat
• قَتَلَ — to kill
• مَنَعَ — to prevent
• نَبِيّ — prophet
• أَصْل — origin
• جَاسُوس — spy