Subul al-Salam — Sharh Nawaqid al-Islam by Ibn Baz (شرح نواقض الإسلام) — Page 137

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

النَّاقِضُ الْخَامِسُ: وَنَحْوُهُمْ فَرَأَوْا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ إِنَّمَا يَقْسِمُ الْمَالَ لِمَصَالِحِ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَلَا يَضَعُهُ فِي مَحَلٍّ إِلَّا لِأَنَّ وَضْعَهُ فِيهِ أَوْلَى مِنْ وَضْعِهِ فِي غَيْرِهِ وَهَذَا مِمَّا لَا يَشُكُّونَ فِيهِ وَكَانَ الْعِلْمُ بِجِهَةِ الْمَصْلَحَةِ قَدْ تُنَالُ بِالْوَحْيِ وَقَدْ تُنَالُ بِالِاجْتِهَادِ وَلَمْ يَكُونُوا عَلِمُوا أَنَّ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا فَعَلَهُ النَّبِيُّ وَقَالَ: إِنَّهُ بِوَحْيٍ مِنَ اللهِ؛ فَإِنَّ مَنْ كَرِهَ ذَلِكَ أَوْ اعْتَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ بَعْدَ أَنْ يَقُولَ ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ كَافِرٌ مُكَذِّبٌ، وَجَوَّزُوا أَنْ يَكُونَ قَسْمُهُ اجْتِهَادًا، وَكَانُوا يُرَاجِعُونَهُ فِي الِاجْتِهَادِ فِي الْأُمُورِ الدُّنْيَوِيَّةِ الْمُتَعَلِّقَةِ بِمَصَالِحِ الدِّينِ، وَهُوَ بَابٌ يَجُوزُ الْعَمَلُ فِيهِ بِاجْتِهَادِهِ بِاتِّفَاقِ الْأُمَّةِ، وَرُبَّمَا سَأَلُوهُ عَنِ الْأَمْرِ لَا لِمُرَاجَعَتِهِ فِيهِ لَكِنْ لِيَتَثَبَّتُوا وَجْهَهُ وَيَتَفَقَّهُوا فِي سُنَنِهِ وَيَعْلَمُوا عِلَّتَهُ، وَكَانَتِ الْمُرَاجَعَةُ الْمَشْهُورَةُ مِنْهُمْ لَا تَعْدُو هَذَيْنِ الْوَجْهَيْنِ: إِمَّا لِتَكْمِيلِ نَظَرِهِ فِي ذَلِكَ إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الْأُمُورِ السِّيَاسِيَّةِ الَّتِي لِلِاجْتِهَادِ فِيهَا مَسَاغٌ.

The Fifth Nullifier: And those like them saw that the Prophet (peace be upon him) only distributed wealth for the interests of Islam, and he would not place it anywhere except because placing it there was more appropriate than placing it elsewhere, and this is something they did not doubt. Knowledge of the aspect of interest could be attained through revelation or through ijtihad (independent legal reasoning), and they did not know that this was something the Prophet had done and said: 'It is by revelation from Allah'; for whoever dislikes that or objects to it after he has said that is a disbeliever and a denier. They considered it possible that his distribution was based on ijtihad, and they would consult him regarding ijtihad in worldly matters related to the interests of the religion, which is a field where it is permissible to act upon his ijtihad by the consensus of the Ummah. Sometimes they would ask him about a matter, not to challenge him on it, but to confirm its rationale, to gain understanding of his practices, and to know its underlying cause. The well-known consultation from them did not exceed these two aspects: either to complete his consideration of the matter if it was among the political affairs in which there is room for ijtihad.

أَوْ لِيَتَبَيَّنَ لَهُمْ وَجْهُ ذَلِكَ إِذَا ذُكِرَ وَيَزْدَادُوا عِلْمًا وَإِيمَانًا وَيَنْفَتِحَ لَهُمْ طَرِيقُ التَّفَقُّهِ فِيهِ.

Or so that the rationale for it would become clear to them when mentioned, so they might increase in knowledge and faith, and the path of understanding it would open up for them.

قَالَ: «فَبِهَذَا تَبَيَّنَ أَنَّ مَنْ وَجَدَ مِنْهُمْ جَوَّزَ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْقَسْمُ وَقَعَ بِاجْتِهَادٍ فِي الْمَصْلَحَةِ فَأَحَبَّ أَنْ يَعْلَمَ الْوَجْهَ الَّذِي أُعْطِيَ بِهِ غَيْرُهُ وَمُنِعَ هُوَ مَعَ فَضْلِهِ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ فِي الْإِيمَانِ وَالْجِهَادِ وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ... وَالْكَلَامُ الْمَحْكِيُّ عَنْهُمْ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُمْ رَأَوْا الْقِسْمَةَ وَقَعَتِ اجْتِهَادًا وَأَنَّهُمْ أَحَقُّ بِالْمَالِ مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ فَتَعَجَّبُوا مِنْ إِعْطَاءِ غَيْرِهِمْ وَأَرَادُوا أَنْ يَعْلَمُوا هَلْ هُوَ وَحْيٌ أَوْ اجْتِهَادٌ يَتَعَيَّنُ اتِّبَاعُهُ لِأَنَّهُ الْمَصْلَحَةُ أَوْ اجْتِهَادٌ يُمْكِنُ النَّبِيَّ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ بِغَيْرِهِ إِذَا رَأَى أَنَّهُ أَصْلَحُ».

He said: 'Thus it becomes clear that whoever among them considered it possible that the distribution occurred based on ijtihad regarding the interest, desired to know the reason why someone else was given and he was denied, despite his superiority over others in faith, jihad, and so on... The speech narrated from them indicates that they saw the distribution as having occurred through ijtihad, and that they were more entitled to the wealth than others, so they were surprised by the giving to others and wanted to know if it was revelation, or ijtihad that must be followed because it is the interest, or ijtihad that the Prophet could replace with another if he saw that it was more beneficial.'

…3 more translated lines, 47 more verbs and 58 more nouns on this page — subscribe to study every page.

Vocabulary · المفردات (50 verbs · 61 nouns)

• رَأَى — to consider
• قَسَمَ — to divide
• وَضَعَ — to place
• نَاقِض — nullifier
• خَامِس — fifth
• نَبِيّ — prophet