Sharh Kashf al-Shubuhat by Ibn Uthaymeen (شرح كشف الشبهات) — Page 18

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

فِي الصَّالِحِينَ:

Regarding the righteous.

الْقِسْمُ الْأَوَّلُ: الْغُلُوُّ فِي الْعَقِيدَةِ كَغُلُوِّ أَهْلِ الْكَلَامِ فِي الصِّفَاتِ حَتَّى أَدَّى بِهِمْ إِمَّا إِلَى التَّمْثِيلِ، أَوِ التَّعْطِيلِ.

First: Extremism in creed, such as that of the theologians regarding divine attributes, which led them either to anthropomorphism or to total negation.

وَالْوَسَطُ مَذْهَبُ أَهْلِ السُّنَّةِ وَالْجَمَاعَةِ بِإِثْبَاتِ مَا أَثْبَتَهُ اللَّهُ لِنَفْسِهِ أَوْ أَثْبَتَهُ لِرَسُولِهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنَ الْأَسْمَاءِ وَالصِّفَاتِ مِنْ غَيْرِ تَحْرِيفٍ وَلَا تَعْطِيلٍ وَمِنْ غَيْرِ تَكْيِيفٍ وَلَا تَمْثِيلٍ.

The middle path is that of the Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah: affirming the names and attributes that Allah has affirmed for Himself or that His Messenger—peace and blessings upon him—has affirmed for Him, without distortion, negation, speculation on their nature, or anthropomorphism.

الْقِسْمُ الثَّانِي: الْغُلُوُّ فِي الْعِبَادَاتِ كَغُلُوِّ الْخَوَارِجِ الَّذِينَ يَرَوْنَ كُفْرَ فَاعِلِ الْكَبِيرَةِ، وَغُلُوِّ الْمُعْتَزِلَةِ حَيْثُ قَالُوا إِنَّ فَاعِلَ الْكَبِيرَةِ بِمَنْزِلَةٍ بَيْنَ الْمَنْزِلَتَيْنِ

Second: Extremism in worship, such as the Kharijites, who consider one who commits a major sin an unbeliever, or the Mu'tazilah, who claim such a person occupies a status between belief and disbelief.

وَهَذَا التَّشَدُّدُ قَابَلَهُ تَسَاهُلُ الْمُرْجِئَةِ حَيْثُ قَالُوا لَا يَضُرُّ مَعَ الْإِيمَانِ ذَنْبٌ.

This rigidity is countered by the laxity of the Murji'ah, who argue that no sin can harm one who possesses faith.

وَالْوَسَطُ مَذْهَبُ أَهْلِ السُّنَّةِ وَالْجَمَاعَةِ أَنَّ فَاعِلَ الْمَعْصِيَةِ نَاقِصُ الْإِيمَانِ بِقَدْرِ الْمَعْصِيَةِ.

The middle path is the stance of the Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah: a sinner’s faith is diminished in proportion to their sin.

الْقِسْمُ الثَّالِثُ: الْغُلُوُّ فِي الْمُعَامَلَاتِ وَهُوَ التَّشَدُّدُ بِتَحْرِيمِ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ

Third: Extremism in transactions, which manifests as an excessive prohibition of everything.

وَقَابَلَ هَذَا التَّشَدُّدَ تَسَاهُلُ مَنْ قَالَ بِحِلِّ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ يَنْمِي الْمَالَ وَالِاقْتِصَادَ حَتَّى الرِّبَا وَالْغِشِّ وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ.

This rigidity is countered by the laxity of those who claim that anything promoting wealth and economic growth is permissible, including usury, deception, and the like.

وَالْوَسَطُ أَنْ يُقَالَ تَحِلُّ الْمُعَامَلَاتُ الْمَبْنِيَّةُ عَلَى الْعَدْلِ وَهِيَ مَا وَافَقَ مَا جَاءَتْ بِهِ النُّصُوصُ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ وَالسُّنَّةِ.

The middle path is to affirm that only transactions based on justice are permissible, specifically those that conform to the texts of the Quran and the Sunnah.

الْقِسْمُ الرَّابِعُ: الْغُلُوُّ فِي الْعَادَاتِ وَهُوَ التَّشَدُّدُ فِي التَّمَسُّكِ بِالْعَادَاتِ الْقَدِيمَةِ وَعَدَمِ التَّحَوُّلِ إِلَى مَا هُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنْهَا.

Fourth: Extremism in customs, which is the rigid adherence to old traditions and a refusal to adopt what is better.

أَمَّا إِنْ كَانَتِ الْعَادَاتُ مُتَسَاوِيَةً فِي الْمَصَالِحِ فَإِنَّ كَوْنَ الْإِنْسَانِ يَبْقَى عَلَى مَا هُوَ عَلَيْهِ خَيْرٌ مِنْ تَلَقِّي الْعَادَاتِ الْوَافِدَةِ.

However, if customs are equal in their benefits, it is better for a person to maintain their own practices rather than adopt imported ones.

الصَّالِحُ هُوَ الَّذِي قَامَ بِحَقِّ اللَّهِ وَبِحَقِّ عِبَادِ اللَّهِ.

The righteous person is one who fulfills both the rights of Allah and the rights of His servants.

Vocabulary · المفردات (15 verbs · 54 nouns)

• أَدَّى — to lead
• أَثْبَتَ — to affirm
• صَلَّى — to pray
• سَلَّمَ — to greet
• رَأَى — to see
• قَابَلَ — to counter
• ضَرَّ — to harm
• حَرَّمَ — to forbid
• قَالَ — to say
• نَمَّى — to grow
• حَلَّ — to be permissible
• وَافَقَ — to agree with
• جَاءَ — to come
• بَقِيَ — to remain
• قَامَ — to fulfill
• صَالِح — righteous person
• قِسْم — section
• غُلُوّ — extremism
• عَقِيدَة — creed
• أَهْل — people
• كَلَام — theology
• صِفَة — attribute
• تَمْثِيل — anthropomorphism
• تَعْطِيل — negation
• وَسَط — middle path
• مَذْهَب — school of thought
• سُنَّة — tradition
• جَمَاعَة — community
• إِثْبَات — affirmation
• رَسُول — messenger
• اسْم — name
• تَحْرِيف — distortion
• تَكْيِيف — modalism
• عِبَادَة — worship
• خَارِجِيّ — Kharijite
• كُفْر — disbelief
• فَاعِل — doer
• كَبِيرَة — major sin
• مُعْتَزِلِيّ — Mu'tazilite
• مَنْزِلَة — position
• تَشَدُّد — strictness
• تَسَاهُل — laxity
• مُرْجِئِيّ — Murji'ite
• إِيمَان — faith
• ذَنْب — sin
• مَعْصِيَة — disobedience
• نَاقِص — deficient
• قَدْر — extent
• مُعَامَلَة — transaction
• شَيْء — thing
• مَال — wealth
• اقْتِصَاد — economy
• رِبَا — usury
• غِشّ — deception
• مَبْنِيّ — built
• عَدْل — justice
• نَصّ — text
• كِتَاب — book
• عَادَة — custom
• تَمَسُّك — adherence
• قَدِيم — old
• تَحَوُّل — transition
• خَيْر — good
• مَصْلَحَة — interest
• إِنْسَان — human
• تَلَقِّي — reception
• وَافِد — imported
• حَقّ — right
• عَبْد — servant