Sharh Kashf al-Shubuhat by Ibn Uthaymeen (شرح كشف الشبهات) — Page 15

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

شَرْحُ كَشْفِ الشُّبُهَاتِ.

A Commentary on Unveiling the Doubts.

رَحِمَكَ اللَّهُ أَنَّ التَّوْحِيدَ هُوَ إِفْرَادُ اللَّهِ سُبْحَانَهُ بِالْعِبَادَةِ.

May Allah have mercy on you: monotheism is the act of singling out Allah, Glorified is He, in worship.

أَيْ أَفَاضَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ مِنْ رَحْمَتِهِ الَّتِي تَحْصُلُ بِهَا عَلَى مَطْلُوبِكَ وَتَنْجُو مِنْ مَحْذُورِكَ،

This means: may Allah bestow upon you the mercy through which you attain your desires and find safety from what you fear.

فَالْمَعْنَى غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكَ مَا مَضَى مِنْ ذُنُوبِكَ، وَوَفَّقَكَ وَعَصَمَكَ فِيمَا يَسْتَقْبِلُ مِنْهَا.

The sense is that Allah forgives your past sins, grants you success, and preserves you from future ones.

هَذَا إِذَا أَفْرَدْتَ الرَّحْمَةَ أَمَّا إِذَا قُرِنَتْ بِالْمَغْفِرَةِ فَالْمَغْفِرَةُ لِمَا مَضَى مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ وَالرَّحْمَةُ التَّوْفِيقُ لِلْخَيْرِ وَالسَّلَامَةُ مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ فِي الْمُسْتَقْبَلِ.

This applies when mercy is mentioned alone. If it is paired with forgiveness, then forgiveness pertains to past sins, while mercy signifies success in doing good and protection from future sins.

وَصَنِيعُ الْمُؤَلِّفِ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ يَدُلُّ عَلَى شَفَقَتِهِ وَعِنَايَتِهِ بِالْمُخَاطَبِ.

The author’s approach, may Allah have mercy on him, reflects his compassion and concern for the reader.

التَّوْحِيدُ لُغَةً مَصْدَرُ وَحَّدَ يُوَحِّدُ، أَيْ جَعَلَ الشَّيْءَ وَاحِدًا،

Linguistically, monotheism is the verbal noun of 'wahhada yuwahhidu', meaning to make something one.

وَهَذَا لَا يَتَحَقَّقُ إِلَّا بِنَفْيٍ وَإِثْبَاتٍ نَفْيِ الْحُكْمِ عَمَّا سِوَى الْمُوَحَّدِ، وَإِثْبَاتِهِ لَهُ،

This is only realized through negation and affirmation: negating a quality from everything other than the One, and affirming it for Him alone.

لِأَنَّ النَّفْيَ وَحْدَهُ تَعْطِيلٌ، وَالْإِثْبَاتَ وَحْدَهُ لَا يَمْنَعُ الْمُشَارَكَةَ.

Negation alone is mere denial, while affirmation alone does not exclude others.

فَمَثَلًا لَا يَتِمُّ لِلْإِنْسَانِ التَّوْحِيدُ حَتَّى يَشْهَدَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ فَيَنْفِيَ الْأُلُوهِيَّةَ عَمَّا سِوَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَيُثْبِتَهَا لِلَّهِ وَحْدَهُ.

For example, a person’s monotheism is incomplete until they testify that there is no deity but Allah, thereby negating divinity from all others and affirming it for Allah alone.

وَفِي الِاصْطِلَاحِ عَرَّفَ الْمُؤَلِّفُ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى التَّوْحِيدَ بِقَوْلِهِ التَّوْحِيدُ هُوَ إِفْرَادُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ بِالْعِبَادَةِ

In technical terms, the author, may Allah have mercy on him, defined monotheism as the singling out of Allah, the Almighty and Majestic, in worship.

أَيْ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ وَحْدَهُ وَلَا تُشْرِكَ بِهِ شَيْئًا بَلْ تُفْرِدَهُ وَحْدَهُ بِالْعِبَادَةِ مَحَبَّةً، وَتَعْظِيمًا، وَرَغْبَةً، وَرَهْبَةً.

This means you worship Allah alone, associating nothing with Him, and dedicate your worship to Him out of love, veneration, hope, and awe.

وَمُرَادُ الشَّيْخِ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى التَّوْحِيدُ الَّذِي بُعِثَتِ الرُّسُلُ لِتَحْقِيقِهِ.

The Sheikh, may Allah have mercy on him, refers to the monotheism that the messengers were sent to establish.

لِأَنَّهُ هُوَ الَّذِي حَصَلَ الْإِخْلَالُ بِهِ وَالْخِلَافُ بَيْنَ الرُّسُلِ وَأُمَمِهِمْ.

This is the very point where deviations occurred and where conflict arose between the messengers and their nations.

وَهُنَاكَ تَعْرِيفٌ أَعَمُّ لِلتَّوْحِيدِ وَهُوَ إِفْرَادُ اللَّهِ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى بِمَا يَخْتَصُّ بِهِ وَأَنْوَاعُهُ ثَلَاثَةٌ.

There is a broader definition of monotheism: singling out Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, in all that is unique to Him. It consists of three types.

الْأَوَّلُ تَوْحِيدُ الرُّبُوبِيَّةِ وَهُوَ إِفْرَادُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى بِالْخَلْقِ، وَالْمُلْكِ، وَالتَّدْبِيرِ

The first is the monotheism of Lordship, which is singling out Allah, the Exalted, as the sole Creator, Sovereign, and Sustainer.

قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ اللَّهُ خَالِقُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ

Allah, the Almighty and Majestic, says: 'Allah is the Creator of all things.'

وَقَالَ تَعَالَى هَلْ مِنْ خَالِقٍ غَيْرُ اللَّهِ يَرْزُقُكُمْ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ.

O mankind, remember the favor of Allah upon you. Is there any creator other than Allah who provides for you from the heaven and earth? There is no deity except Him, so how are you deluded?

Vocabulary · المفردات (26 verbs · 58 nouns)

• رَحِمَ — to have mercy
• أَفَاضَ — to bestow
• حَصَلَ — to occur
• نَجَا — to be saved
• غَفَرَ — to forgive
• مَضَى — to pass
• وَفَّقَ — to grant success
• عَصَمَ — to protect
• اِسْتَقْبَلَ — to come in future
• أَفْرَدَ — to single out
• قَرَنَ — to couple
• دَلَّ — to indicate
• وَحَّدَ — to unify
• جَعَلَ — to make
• تَحَقَّقَ — to be realized
• مَنَعَ — to prevent
• تَمَّ — to be completed
• شَهِدَ — to testify
• نَفَى — to negate
• أَثْبَتَ — to affirm
• عَرَّفَ — to define
• عَبَدَ — to worship
• أَشْرَكَ — to associate
• بَعَثَ — to send
• اِخْتَصَّ — to be specific to
• رَزَقَ — to provide
• شَرْح — explanation
• شُبْهَة — doubt
• تَوْحِيد — monotheism
• إِفْرَاد — singling out
• عِبَادَة — worship
• رَحْمَة — mercy
• مَطْلُوب — desired thing
• مَحْذُور — thing to be avoided
• مَعْنَى — meaning
• ذَنْب — sin
• مَغْفِرَة — forgiveness
• تَوْفِيق — success
• خَيْر — good
• سَلَامَة — safety
• مُسْتَقْبَل — future
• صَنِيع — deed
• مُؤَلِّف — author
• شَفَقَة — compassion
• عِنَايَة — care
• مُخَاطَب — addressee
• لُغَة — language
• مَصْدَر — source
• شَيْء — thing
• وَاحِد — one
• نَفْي — negation
• إِثْبَات — affirmation
• حُكْم — ruling
• مُوَحَّد — unified
• تَعْطِيل — denial
• مُشَارَكَة — participation
• مَثَل — example
• إِنْسَان — human
• إِلَه — deity
• أُلُوهِيَّة — divinity
• اِصْطِلَاح — terminology
• قَوْل — saying
• مَحَبَّة — love
• تَعْظِيم — veneration
• رَغْبَة — desire
• رَهْبَة — fear
• مُرَاد — intended meaning
• شَيْخ — sheikh
• رَسُول — messenger
• تَحْقِيق — realization
• إِخْلَال — breach
• خِلَاف — disagreement
• أُمَّة — nation
• تَعْرِيف — definition
• نَوْع — type
• ثَلَاثَة — three
• أَوَّل — first
• رُبُوبِيَّة — lordship
• خَلْق — creation
• مُلْك — sovereignty
• تَدْبِير — management
• خَالِق — creator
• سَمَاء — sky
• أَرْض — earth