Sharh Kashf al-Shubuhat by Ibn Uthaymeen (شرح كشف الشبهات) — Page 14

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

اِعْلَمْ شَرْحُ كَشْفِ الشُّبُهَاتِ وَمَعْنَاهُ: ذُو الرَّحْمَةِ الْوَاصِلَةِ، فَالرَّحْمَنُ ذُو الرَّحْمَةِ الْوَاسِعَةِ، وَالرَّحِيمُ ذُو الرَّحْمَةِ الْوَاصِلَةِ فَإِذَا جُمِعَا صَارَ الْمُرَادُ بِالرَّحِيمِ الْمُوصِلُ رَحْمَتَهُ إِلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: يُعَذِّبُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَرْحَمُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَإِلَيْهِ تُقْلَبُونَ وَالْمُرَادُ بِالرَّحْمَنِ الْوَاسِعُ الرَّحْمَةِ.

Know that the explanation of Kashf al-Shubuhat and its meaning is: the Possessor of reaching mercy; for al-Rahman is the Possessor of vast mercy, and al-Rahim is the Possessor of reaching mercy, so when they are combined, the intended meaning of al-Rahim is the One who conveys His mercy to whom He wills among His servants, as Allah the Exalted said: 'He punishes whom He wills and shows mercy to whom He wills, and to Him you will be returned,' and the intended meaning of al-Rahman is the One who is vast in mercy.

الْعِلْمُ هُوَ إِدْرَاكُ الشَّيْءِ عَلَى مَا هُوَ عَلَيْهِ إِدْرَاكًا جَازِمًا.

Knowledge is the perception of a thing as it truly is, with a definitive perception.

وَمَرَاتِبُ الْإِدْرَاكِ سِتٌّ:

The levels of perception are six:

الْأُولَى: الْعِلْمُ وَتَقَدَّمَ تَعْرِيفُهُ.

First: Knowledge, and its definition has already been provided.

الثَّانِيَةُ: الْجَهْلُ الْبَسِيطُ وَهُوَ عَدَمُ الْإِدْرَاكِ بِالْكُلِّيَّةِ.

Second: Simple ignorance, which is the total absence of perception.

الثَّالِثَةُ: الْجَهْلُ الْمُرَكَّبُ وَهُوَ إِدْرَاكُ الشَّيْءِ عَلَى وَجْهٍ يُخَالِفُ مَا هُوَ عَلَيْهِ.

Third: Compound ignorance, which is perceiving a thing in a way that contradicts what it actually is.

وَسُمِّيَ مُرَكَّبًا لِأَنَّهُ جَهْلَانِ جَهْلُ الْإِنْسَانِ بِالْوَاقِعِ، وَجَهْلُهُ بِحَالِهِ حَيْثُ ظَنَّ أَنَّهُ عَالِمٌ وَلَيْسَ بِعَالِمٍ.

It is called compound because it consists of two ignorances: the person's ignorance of the reality, and his ignorance of his own state, as he thinks he is knowledgeable when he is not.

الرَّابِعَةُ: الْوَهْمُ وَهُوَ إِدْرَاكُ الشَّيْءِ مَعَ احْتِمَالِ ضِدٍّ رَاجِحٍ.

Fourth: Illusion (wahm), which is perceiving a thing while there is a more likely possibility of the opposite.

الْخَامِسَةُ: الشَّكُ وَهُوَ إِدْرَاكُ الشَّيْءِ مَعَ احْتِمَالِ ضِدٍّ مُسَاوٍ.

Fifth: Doubt (shakk), which is perceiving a thing while there is an equally likely possibility of the opposite.

السَّادِسَةُ: الظَّنُّ وَهُوَ إِدْرَاكُ الشَّيْءِ مَعَ احْتِمَالِ ضِدٍّ مَرْجُوحٍ.

Sixth: Conjecture (zann), which is perceiving a thing while there is a less likely possibility of the opposite.

وَالْعِلْمُ يَنْقَسِمُ إِلَى قِسْمَيْنِ: ضَرُورِيٍّ وَنَظَرِيٍّ:

Knowledge is divided into two categories: necessary and theoretical:

فَالضَّرُورِيُّ مَا يَكُونُ إِدْرَاكُ الْمَعْلُومِ فِيهِ ضَرُورِيًّا بِحَيْثُ يَضْطَرُّ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ نَظَرٍ وَلَا اِسْتِدْلَالٍ كَالْعِلْمِ بِأَنَّ النَّارَ حَارَّةٌ مَثَلًا.

The necessary is that in which the perception of the known is inevitable, such that one is compelled to it without reflection or deduction, like the knowledge that fire is hot, for example.

وَالنَّظَرِيُّ مَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى نَظَرٍ وَاِسْتِدْلَالٍ كَالْعِلْمِ بِوُجُوبِ النِّيَّةِ فِي الْوُضُوءِ.

The theoretical is that which requires reflection and deduction, like the knowledge of the obligation of intention in ablution.

Vocabulary · المفردات (18 verbs · 48 nouns)

• عَلِمَ — to know
• جَمَعَ — to gather
• صَارَ — to become
• وَصَلَ — to arrive
• شَاءَ — to will
• قَالَ — to say
• تَعَالَى — to be exalted
• عَذَّبَ — to punish
• رَحِمَ — to have mercy
• قَلَبَ — to turn
• تَقَدَّمَ — to precede
• خَالَفَ — to contradict
• سَمَّى — to name
• ظَنَّ — to think
• اِنْقَسَمَ — to be divided
• كَانَ — to be
• اِضْطَرَّ — to force
• اِحْتَاجَ — to need
• شَرْحٌ — explanation
• كَشْفٌ — unveiling
• شُبْهَةٌ — doubt
• مَعْنًى — meaning
• رَحْمَةٌ — mercy
• وَاصِلٌ — connector
• رَحْمَنٌ — merciful
• وَاسِعٌ — vast
• رَحِيمٌ — merciful
• مُرَادٌ — intended meaning
• مُوصِلٌ — connector
• عَبْدٌ — servant
• عِلْمٌ — knowledge
• إِدْرَاكٌ — perception
• شَيْءٌ — thing
• جَازِمٌ — decisive
• مَرْتَبَةٌ — rank
• تَعْرِيفٌ — definition
• جَهْلٌ — ignorance
• بَسِيطٌ — simple
• عَدَمٌ — lack
• كُلِّيَّةٌ — totality
• مُرَكَّبٌ — compound
• وَجْهٌ — aspect
• إِنْسَانٌ — human
• وَاقِعٌ — reality
• حَالٌ — state
• عَالِمٌ — scholar
• وَهْمٌ — illusion
• اِحْتِمَالٌ — possibility
• ضِدٌّ — opposite
• رَاجِحٌ — preponderant
• شَكٌّ — doubt
• مُسَاوٍ — equal
• ظَنٌّ — conjecture
• مَرْجُوحٌ — less probable
• قِسْمٌ — part
• ضَرُورِيٌّ — necessary
• نَظَرِيٌّ — theoretical
• مَعْلُومٌ — known
• نَظَرٌ — speculation
• اِسْتِدْلَالٌ — inference
• نَارٌ — fire
• حَارٌّ — hot
• مَثَلٌ — example
• وُجُوبٌ — obligation
• نِيَّةٌ — intention
• وُضُوءٌ — ablution