Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 4 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 3

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

إِعْرَابُ الْفِعْلِ ، نَوَاصِبُ الْفِعْلِ الْمُضَارِعِ

Verb Inflection: Particles Governing the Accusative Case for Imperfect Verbs

بِسْمِ ابْتِدَاءِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ

In the name of the Beginning, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

إِعْرَابُ الْفِعْلِ

Verb Inflection

إِعْرَابُ الْفِعْلِ ارْفَعْ مُضَارِعًا إِذَا يُجَرَّدُ مِنْ نَاصِبٍ وَجَازِمٍ؛ كَـ «تَسْعَدُ»

The imperfect verb is in the nominative case when it is devoid of any particle that causes the accusative or jussive case, such as in the example 'tas'adu'.

إِذَا جُرِّدَ [ الْفِعْلُ الْمُضَارِعُ عَنْ عَامِلِ النَّصْبِ وَعَامِلِ الْجَزْمِ رُفِعَ ، وَاخْتُلِفَ فِي رَافِعِهِ ؛ فَذَهَبَ قَوْمٌ إِلَى أَنَّهُ ارْتَفَعَ لِوُقُوعِهِ مَوْقِعَ الِاسْمِ ، فَـ « يَضْرِبُ » فِي قَوْلِكَ : « زَيْدٌ يَضْرِبُ » وَاقِعٌ مَوْقِعَ « ضَارِبٌ » فَارْتَفَعَ لِذَلِكَ ، وَقِيلَ : ارْتَفَعَ لِتَجَرُّدِهِ مِنَ النَّاصِبِ وَالْجَازِمِ ، وَهُوَ اخْتِيَارُ الْمُصَنِّفِ

When an imperfect verb is stripped of any agent governing the accusative or jussive, it is rendered nominative. Scholars disagree on what causes this nominative state. Some argue it occurs because the verb occupies the position of a noun; for instance, 'yadribu' (he hits) in the sentence 'Zayd hits' functions like the noun 'darib' (hitter), thus taking the nominative. Others maintain it is nominative simply because it is free of accusative and jussive particles, which is the view preferred by the author.

وَبِلَنْ انْصِبْهُ وَكَيْ ، كَذَا بِأَنْ لَا بَعْدَ عِلْمٍ ، وَالَّتِي مِنْ بَعْدِ ظَنِّ

Use 'lan' (never) and 'kay' (in order to) to govern the accusative, as well as 'an' (that) when it does not follow a verb of knowledge, and likewise for those following a verb of conjecture (2).

ارْفَعْ ، فِعْلُ أَمْرٍ ، وَفَاعِلُهُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ وُجُوباً تَقْدِيرُهُ أَنْتَ « مُضَارِعاً » مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ لِارْفَعْ : إِذَا ، ظَرْفٌ تَضَمَّنَ مَعْنَى الشَّرْطِ ، يُجَرَّدُ ، فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ مَبْنِيٌّ لِلْمَجْهُولِ وَنَائِبُ الْفَاعِلِ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ جَوَازاً تَقْدِيرُهُ هُوَ يَعُودُ إِلَى مُضَارِعٍ ، وَالْجُمْلَةُ مِنْ يُجَرَّدُ وَنَائِبِ فَاعِلِهِ فِي مَحَلِّ جَرٍّ بِإِضَافَةِ إِذَا إِلَيْهَا ، وَجَوَابُ الشَّرْطِ مَحْذُوفٌ « وَالتَّقْدِيرُ : إِذَا يُجَرَّدُ فَارْفَعْهُ » مِنْ نَاصِبٍ ، جَارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِقَوْلِهِ « يُجَرَّدُ » السَّابِقِ وَجَازِمٍ ، مَعْطُوفٌ عَلَى نَاصِبٍ كَتَسْعَدُ ، جَارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِمَحْذُوفٍ خَبَرِ مُبْتَدَأٍ مَحْذُوفٍ ، وَالتَّقْدِيرُ : وَذَلِكَ كَائِنٌ كَتَسْعَدُ ، وَقَدْ قُصِدَ لَفْظُ تَسْعَدُ

(1) 'Irfa'' is an imperative verb with an obligatory hidden subject pronoun estimated as 'you'. 'Mudari'an' is the object of 'irfa''. 'Idha' is an adverb carrying a conditional sense. 'Yujarradu' is a passive imperfect verb with a permissibly hidden deputy subject pronoun estimated as 'it', referring back to 'mudari''. The clause formed by 'yujarradu' and its deputy subject is in the genitive position due to the annexation of 'idha'. The conditional response is omitted, with the full meaning being 'if it is stripped, render it nominative'. 'Min nasibin' is a prepositional phrase linked to the preceding 'yujarradu', and 'jazimin' is linked to 'nasibin'. 'Katas'ad' is a prepositional phrase linked to an omitted predicate of an omitted subject, meaning 'this is like tas'ad', where the word 'tas'ad' itself is the intended object.

بِلَنْ ، جَارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِانْصِبْهُ « انْصِبْهُ » ، انْصِبْ : فِعْلُ أَمْرٍ ، وَفَاعِلُهُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ وُجُوباً تَقْدِيرُهُ أَنْتَ ، وَالْهَاءُ مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ ، وَكَيْ ، مَعْطُوفٌ عَلَى لَنْ . كَذَا ، بِأَنْ . جَارَّانِ وَمَجْرُورَانِ مُتَعَلِّقَانِ بِفِعْلٍ مَحْذُوفٍ ، يَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ قَوْلُهُ انْصِبْهُ « لَا » ، عَاطِفَةٌ « بَعْدَ » ظَرْفٌ مَعْطُوفٌ عَلَى ظَرْفٍ آخَرَ مَحْذُوفٍ ، وَالتَّقْدِيرُ : فَانْصِبْهُ بِأَنْ بَعْدَ غَيْرِ عِلْمٍ لَا بَعْدَ عِلْمٍ وَ وَالَّتِي . اسْمٌ مَوْصُولٌ : مُبْتَدَأٌ مِنْ بَعْدِ ، جَارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِمَحْذُوفٍ صِلَةِ الْمَوْصُولِ ، وَبَعْدَ مُضَافٌ وَظَنٍّ ، مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ

And the one which is a relative pronoun is the subject, and 'min ba'd' (after) is a preposition and noun in the genitive case related to an omitted predicate which is the relative clause, and 'ba'd' is a genitive construct and 'zann' (conjecture) is in the genitive case. ⟶ (sentence continues on next page)

Vocabulary · المفردات (13 verbs · 21 nouns)

• أَعْرَبَ — to parse
• رَفَعَ — to raise
• جَرَّدَ — to strip
• سَعِدَ — to be happy
• اخْتَلَفَ — to differ
• ذَهَبَ — to go
• ارْتَفَعَ — to be raised
• وَقَعَ — to fall
• ضَرَبَ — to hit
• قَالَ — to say
• نَصَبَ — to make accusative
• عَلِمَ — to know
• ظَنَّ — to think
• فِعْلٌ — verb
• نَاصِبٌ — accusative marker
• مُضَارِعٌ — present tense
• رَحْمَنٌ — most merciful
• رَحِيمٌ — merciful
• جَازِمٌ — jussive marker
• عَامِلٌ — factor
• نَصْبٌ — accusative
• جَزْمٌ — jussive case
• رَافِعٌ — nominative marker
• قَوْمٌ — people
• وُقُوعٌ — occurrence
• مَوْقِعٌ — location
• اسْمٌ — noun
• قَوْلٌ — saying
• ضَارِبٌ — hitter
• تَجَرُّدٌ — stripping
• اخْتِيَارٌ — choice
• مُصَنِّفٌ — author
• عِلْمٌ — knowledge
• ظَنٌّ — thought