Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 4 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 201

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

التَّصْرِيفُ

Morphology.

الْمُرَادُ بِسِمْسِمٍ الرُّبَاعِيُّ الَّذِي تَكَرَّرَتْ فَاؤُهُ وَعَيْنُهُ ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ أَحَدُ الْمُكَرَّرَيْنِ صَالِحًا لِلسُّقُوطِ ، فَهَذَا النَّوْعُ يُحْكَمُ عَلَى حُرُوفِهِ كُلِّهَا بِأَنَّهَا أُصُولٌ ؛ فَإِذَا صَلَحَ أَحَدُ الْمُكَرَّرَيْنِ لِلسُّقُوطِ فَفِي الْحُكْمِ عَلَيْهِ بِالزِّيَادَةِ خِلَافٌ وَذَلِكَ نَحْوُ : « لَمْلِمْ » أَمْرٌ مِنْ لَمْلَمَ ، وَ « كَفْكِفْ » أَمْرٌ مِنْ كَفْكَفَ ؛ وَاللَّامُ الثَّانِيَةُ وَالْكَافُ الثَّانِيَةُ صَالِحَانِ لِلسُّقُوطِ ، بِدَلِيلِ صِحَّةِ لَمَّ وَكَفَّ - فَاخْتَلَفَ النَّاسُ فِي ذَلِكَ ؛ فَقِيلَ : هُمَا مَادَّتَانِ ، وَلَيْسَ كَفْكِفْ مِنْ كَفَّ وَلَا لَمْلِمْ مِنْ لَمَّ ؛ فَلَا تَكُونُ اللَّامُ وَالْكَافُ زَائِدَتَيْنِ ؛ وَقِيلَ : اللَّامُ زَائِدَةٌ وَكَذَا الْكَافُ ، وَقِيلَ : هُمَا بَدَلَانِ مِنْ حَرْفٍ مُضَاعَفٍ ، وَالْأَصْلُ لَمَّمَ وَكَفَّفَ ، ثُمَّ أُبْدِلَ مِنْ أَحَدِ الْمُضَاعَفَيْنِ : لَامٌ فِي لَمْلَمَ ، وَكَافٌ فِي كَفْكِفَ

What is meant by 'simsim' is the quadriliteral [word] in which its first and second radicals are repeated, and neither of the two repeated letters is eligible for omission; this type is judged in its entirety to be composed of root letters. If one of the two repeated letters is eligible for omission, there is a disagreement regarding judging it as an augment, such as 'lamlim', an imperative from 'lamlama', and 'kafkif', an imperative from 'kafkafa'. The second lam and the second kaf are eligible for omission, as evidenced by the validity of 'lamma' and 'kaffa'. People have differed on this; it was said: they are two [separate] roots, and 'kafkif' is not from 'kaffa', nor is 'lamlim' from 'lamma', so the lam and the kaf are not augments. It was also said: the lam is an augment, and likewise the kaf. And it was said: they are both substitutes for a doubled letter, and the original form was 'lammama' and 'kaffafa', then one of the two doubled letters was replaced: a lam in 'lamlama' and a kaf in 'kafkifa'.

فَأَلِفٌ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ أَصْلَيْنِ صَاحَبَ - زَائِدٌ بِغَيْرِ مَيْنِ

An alif that accompanies more than two root letters is an augment without doubt (1).

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Vocabulary · المفردات (11 verbs · 34 nouns)

• تَكَرَّرَ — to be repeated
• كَانَ — to be
• صَلَحَ — to be fit
• تَصْرِيف — morphology
• مُرَاد — intended meaning
• سِمْسِم — sesame