Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 4 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 16

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَقَوْلُهُ :

His statement:

شَرْحُ ابْنِ عَقِيلٍ : الْجُزْءُ الرَّابِعُ

Sharh Ibn Aqil: Volume Four

أَلَمْ أَكُ جَارَكُمْ وَيَكُونَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكُمُ الْمَوَدَّةُ وَالْإِخَاءُ

329 - Was I not your neighbor, and could there be affection and brotherhood between us?

الْإِعْرَابُ: «لا» نَاهِيَةٌ «تَنْهَ» فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ مَجْزُومٌ بِلَا النَّاهِيَةِ، وَعَلَامَةُ جَزْمِهِ حَذْفُ الْأَلِفِ وَالْفَتْحَةُ قَبْلَهَا دَلِيلٌ عَلَيْهَا، وَفَاعِلُهُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ وُجُوبًا تَقْدِيرُهُ أَنْتَ «عَنْ خُلُقٍ» جَارٌ وَمَجْرُورٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِتَنْهَ، وَتَأْتِيَ، الْوَاوُ وَاوُ الْمَعِيَّةِ، تَأْتِيَ: فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ مَنْصُوبٌ بِأَنْ مُضْمَرَةٍ وُجُوبًا بَعْدَ وَاوِ الْمَعِيَّةِ، وَفَاعِلُهُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ وُجُوبًا تَقْدِيرُهُ أَنْتَ «مِثْلَهُ» مِثْلَ: مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ لِتَأْتِيَ، وَمِثْلَ مُضَافٌ وَالْهَاءُ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ «عَارٌ» خَبَرُ الْمُبْتَدَإِ مَحْذُوفٌ، أَيْ ذَلِكَ عَارٌ «عَلَيْكَ» جَارٌ وَمَجْرُورٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِعَارٍ «إِذَا» ظَرْفٌ تَضَمَّنَ مَعْنَى الشَّرْطِ، وَالْجُمْلَةُ بَعْدَهُ شَرْطُ إِذَا، وَجَوَابُهُ مَحْذُوفٌ يَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ مَا قَبْلَهُ، وَالْجُمْلَةُ مِنَ الشَّرْطِ وَجَوَابِهِ مُعْتَرِضَةٌ بَيْنَ الصِّفَةِ وَمَوْصُوفِهَا، لَا مَحَلَّ لَهَا مِنَ الْإِعْرَابِ «عَظِيمٌ» صِفَةٌ لِعَارٍ.

Parsing: 'La' is prohibitive. 'Tanha' is a jussive present tense verb; the sign of its jussive state is the omission of the alif, with the preceding fatha indicating its presence. Its subject is an obligatory hidden pronoun, estimated as 'you'. 'An khuluqin' is a prepositional phrase related to 'tanha'. Regarding 'ta'tiya', the waw is the waw of accompaniment. 'Ta'tiya' is a present tense verb made accusative by an obligatorily implied 'an' following the waw of accompaniment; its subject is an obligatory hidden pronoun, estimated as 'you'. 'Mithlahu': 'mithla' is the direct object of 'ta'tiya', and it is in a genitive construct with the pronoun 'ha'. 'Arun' is the predicate of a deleted subject, meaning 'that is a disgrace'. 'Alayka' is a prepositional phrase related to 'arun'. 'Idha' is an adverb containing the meaning of a condition; the following sentence is the condition of 'idha', and its response is omitted, implied by the preceding text. This conditional sentence is parenthetical between the noun and its adjective and has no place in the parsing. 'Azimun' is an adjective modifying 'arun'.

الشَّاهِدُ فِيهِ: قَوْلُهُ «وَتَأْتِيَ» حَيْثُ نَصَبَ الْفِعْلَ الْمُضَارِعَ - وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ تَأْتِيَ - بَعْدَ وَاوِ الْمَعِيَّةِ فِي جَوَابِ النَّهْيِ، بِأَنْ مُضْمَرَةٍ وُجُوبًا.

The evidence here is his use of 'wa ta'tiya', where he makes the present tense verb accusative after the waw of accompaniment in response to a prohibition, via an obligatorily implied 'an'.

هَذَا الْبَيْتُ لِلْحُطَيْئَةِ، مِنْ قَصِيدَةٍ أَوَّلُهَا فِي رِوَايَةِ الْأَكْثَرِينَ: أَلَا أَبْلِغْ بَنِي عَوْفِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ وَهَلْ قَوْمٌ عَلَى خُلُقٍ سَوَاءُ

This verse is by Al-Hutay'ah, from a poem that begins, according to most narrations: 'Convey to the sons of Awf ibn Ka'b: are any people equal in character?'

وَرَوَى أَبُو السَّعَادَاتِ ابْنُ الشَّجَرِيِّ فِي أَوَّلِهَا نَسِيبًا وَأَوَّلُهُ: أَلَا فَالْتِ أُمَامَةُ : هَلْ تَعَزَّى ؟ فَقُلْتُ : أَمَامَ ، قَدْ غُلِبَ الْعَزَاءُ

Abu al-Sa'adat ibn al-Shajari narrated an amatory prelude at the beginning, starting with: 'Umamah said: Have you found solace? I replied: Umam, solace has been overcome.'

جَارِكُمْ، يُطْلَقُ الْجَارُ فِي الْعَرَبِيَّةِ عَلَى عِدَّةِ مَعَانٍ : مِنْهَا الْمُجِيرُ، وَالْمُسْتَجِيرُ اللُّغَةُ: وَالْحَلِيفُ، وَالنَّاصِرُ

Language: 'Jarakum' (your neighbor). In Arabic, the term 'jar' carries several meanings, including protector, one seeking protection, ally, and supporter.

الْإِعْرَابُ : «أَلَمْ» الْهَمْزَةُ لِلتَّقْرِيرِ، وَلَمْ : نَافِيَةٌ جَازِمَةٌ «أَكُ» فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ نَاقِصٌ مَجْزُومٌ بِلَمْ، وَعَلَامَةُ جَزْمِهِ سُكُونُ النُّونِ الْمَحْذُوفَةِ لِلتَّخْفِيفِ، وَاسْمُهُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ وُجُوبًا تَقْدِيرُهُ أَنَا «جَارَكُمْ» جَارَ : خَبَرُ أَكُ، وَجَارَ مُضَافٌ وَضَمِيرُ الْمُخَاطَبِينَ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ «وَيَكُونَ» الْوَاوُ وَاوُ الْمَعِيَّةِ، يَكُونَ : فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ نَاقِصٌ، مَنْصُوبٌ بِأَنْ الْمُضْمَرَةِ وُجُوبًا بَعْدَ وَاوِ الْمَعِيَّةِ، بَيْنِي، بَيْنَ : ظَرْفٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِمَحْذُوفٍ خَبَرِ يَكُونَ تَقَدَّمَ عَلَى اسْمِهِ، وَبَيْنَ مُضَافٌ وَيَاءُ الْمُتَكَلِّمِ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ، وَبَيْنَكُمْ، مَعْطُوفٌ عَلَى بَيْنِي «الْمَوَدَّةُ» اسْمُ يَكُونَ تَأَخَّرَ عَنْ خَبَرِهِ وَالْإِخَاءُ، مَعْطُوفٌ عَلَى الْمَوَدَّةِ

Parsing: 'Alam' (Did not), the hamza is for affirmation, and 'lam' is a negative jussive particle; 'aku' is an imperfect defective verb made jussive by 'lam', and its sign of jussive is the sukun of the nun which was deleted for lightness, and its subject is a pronoun hidden within it obligatorily, estimated as 'I'; 'jarakum' (your neighbor), 'jar' is the predicate of 'aku', and 'jar' is in a genitive construction with the second-person plural pronoun; 'wa-yakuna' (and that there be), the 'wa' is the 'wa' of accompaniment, 'yakuna' is an imperfect defective verb, in the subjunctive mood due to the 'an' which is obligatorily hidden after the 'wa' of accompaniment; 'bayni' (between me), 'bayna' is an adverb related to a deleted predicate of 'yakuna' that preceded its subject, and 'bayna' is in a genitive construction with the first-person singular pronoun, and 'baynakum' (between you) is conjoined to 'bayni'; 'al-mawaddatu' (affection) is the subject of 'yakuna' which was delayed after its predicate, and 'al-ikha'u' (brotherhood) is conjoined to 'al-mawaddatu', which are the particles that make the imperfect verb subjunctive. ⟶ (sentence continues on next page)

Vocabulary · المفردات (14 verbs · 31 nouns)

• نَهَى — to forbid
• أَتَى — to come
• تَضَمَّنَ — to include
• دَلَّ — to indicate
• نَصَبَ — to make accusative
• أَبْلَغَ — to inform
• رَوَى — to narrate
• تَعَزَّى — to console oneself
• غَلَبَ — to overcome
• أَطْلَقَ — to apply
• كَانَ — to be
• تَعَلَّقَ — to relate
• تَقَدَّمَ — to precede
• تَأَخَّرَ — to be delayed
• خُلُقٌ — character
• مِثْلٌ — likeness
• عَارٌ — shame
• ظَرْفٌ — adverb
• شَرْطٌ — condition
• جُمْلَةٌ — sentence
• صِفَةٌ — adjective
• مَوْصُوفٌ — described
• إِعْرَابٌ — grammatical analysis
• عَظِيمٌ — great
• شَاهِدٌ — evidence
• نَهْيٌ — prohibition
• بَيْتٌ — verse
• قَصِيدَةٌ — poem
• رِوَايَةٌ — narration
• أَكْثَرُ — majority
• قَوْمٌ — people
• سَوَاءٌ — equal
• نَسِيبٌ — love poetry
• لُغَةٌ — language
• عَرَبِيَّةٌ — Arabic language
• عِدَّةٌ — number
• مَعْنًى — meaning
• مُجِيرٌ — protector
• مُسْتَجِيرٌ — seeker of protection
• حَلِيفٌ — ally
• نَاصِرٌ — supporter
• هَمْزَةٌ — hamza
• تَقْرِيرٌ — confirmation
• مَوَدَّةٌ — affection
• إِخَاءٌ — brotherhood