Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 4 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 15

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

إِعْرَابُ الْفِعْلِ، نَوَاصِبُ الْفِعْلِ الْمُضَارِعِ.

Verbal inflection: particles governing the imperfect verb in the accusative.

فَقُلْتُ: أَدْعِي وَأَدْعُوَ؛ إِنَّ أَنْدَى الصَّوْتِ أَنْ يُنَادِيَ دَاعِيَانِ.

I said, 'Call out and I will call out; the most resonant voice is that of two callers.'

وَقَوْلُهُ: لَا تَنْهَ عَنْ خُلُقٍ وَتَأْتِيَ مِثْلَهُ عَارٌ عَلَيْكَ إِذَا فَعَلْتَ عَظِيمُ.

His verse: 'Do not forbid a trait while committing it yourself; it is a great shame upon you if you do.'

ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ.

Thirteen.

الْبَيْتُ لِدِثَارِ بْنِ شَيْبَانَ النَّمَرِيِّ، أَحَدِ بَنِي النَّمِرِ بْنِ قَاسِطٍ، مِنْ كَلِمَةٍ عِدَّةُ أَبْيَاتِهَا بَيْتًا رَوَاهَا لَهُ أَبُو السَّعَادَاتِ بْنُ الشَّجَرِيِّ فِي مُخْتَارَاتِهِ فِي أَثْنَاءِ مُخْتَارِ شِعْرِ الْخَطِيئَةِ، وَالْبَيْتُ مِنْ شَوَاهِدِ سِيبَوَيْهِ وَنُسِبَ فِي الْكِتَابِ لِلْأَعْشَى.

This verse belongs to Dithar ibn Shayban al-Namari, of the Banu al-Namir ibn Qasit. It comes from a poem of several verses recorded by Abu al-Sa'adat ibn al-Shajari in his anthology within the selection of al-Hutay'ah's poetry. The verse is cited by Sibawayh, who attributed it in his 'Kitab' to al-A'sha.

وَلَيْسَ فِي شِعْرِهِ، وَهُوَ أَيْضًا مِنْ شَوَاهِدِ ابْنِ هِشَامٍ فِي أَوْضَحِ الْمَسَالِكِ وَشُذُورِ الذَّهَبِ وَابْنِ الْأَنْبَارِيِّ فِي الْإِنْصَافِ وَرِوَايَتُهُ ادْعِي وَأَدْعُ فَإِنَّ أَنْدَى، كَرِوَايَةِ ابْنِ الشَّجَرِيِّ، وَمَجَازُهَا أَنَّ وَأَدْعُ مَجْزُومٌ بِلَامِ أَمْرٍ مَحْذُوفَةٍ: أَيْ ادْعِي وَلِأَدْعُ، وَقَبْلَ الْبَيْتِ الْمُسْتَشْهَدِ بِهِ قَوْلُهُ: تَقُولُ حَلِيلَتِي لَمَّا اسْتَكَيْنَا: سَيُدْرِكُنَا بَنُو الْقَوْمِ الْمِجَانِ.

It is not actually in al-A'sha's poetry. It is also cited by Ibn Hisham in 'Awdah al-Masalik' and 'Shudhur al-Dhahab', and by Ibn al-Anbari in 'al-Insaf'. Their version, like Ibn al-Shajari's, reads 'Call and let me call, for the most resonant...' The interpretation is that 'wa-ad'u' is jussive due to an elided imperative 'lam', meaning 'Call and let me call.' Preceding this verse is the line: 'My wife says, when we have grown weak: The cowards of the tribe will overtake us.'

سَيُدْرِكُنَا بَنُو الْقَمَرِ ابْنِ بَدْرٍ سِرَاجُ اللَّيْلِ لِلشَّمْسِ الْخَصَانِ.

'The sons of al-Qamar ibn Badr will overtake us, the lamp of the night for the sun of the morning.'

اللُّغَةُ: أَنْدَى، أَفْعَلُ تَفْضِيلٍ مِنَ النَّدَى بِفَتْحِ النُّونِ مَقْصُورًا الصَّوْتُ.

Lexicon: 'Anda' is a superlative derived from 'al-nada' (with a fatha on the nun, shortened), referring to the voice.

الْإِعْرَابُ: فَقُلْتُ، فِعْلٌ وَفَاعِلٌ.

Grammatical analysis: 'faqultu' is a verb and its subject.

ادْعِي، فِعْلُ أَمْرٍ، وَيَاءُ الْمُؤَنَّثَةِ الْمُخَاطَبَةِ فَاعِلٌ.

'id'i' is an imperative verb, with the feminine singular address pronoun as its subject.

وَأَدْعُوَ، الْوَاوُ وَاوُ الْمَعِيَّةِ، أَدْعُوَ: فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ مَنْصُوبٌ بِأَنْ مُضْمَرَةٍ وُجُوبًا بَعْدَ وَاوِ الْمَعِيَّةِ: وَفَاعِلُهُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ وُجُوبًا تَقْدِيرُهُ أَنَا.

In 'wa-ad'uwa', the 'waw' indicates accompaniment. 'Ad'uwa' is an imperfect verb in the accusative case, governed by an obligatorily elided 'an' following the 'waw' of accompaniment. Its subject is an obligatorily hidden pronoun estimated as 'I'.

إِنَّ، حَرْفُ تَوْكِيدٍ وَنَصْبٍ وَأَنْدَى، اسْمُ إِنَّ.

'Inna' is a particle of emphasis and accusative, while 'anda' is its noun.

لِصَوْتٍ، اللَّامُ زَائِدَةٌ، وَصَوْتٌ: مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ.

In 'li-sawti', the 'lam' is redundant, and 'sawti' is a genitive construction.

أَنْ مَصْدَرِيَّةٌ، يُنَادِيَ، فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ مَنْصُوبٌ بِأَنْ، وَأَنْ وَمَا عَمِلَتْ فِيهِ فِي تَأْوِيلِ مَصْدَرٍ مَرْفُوعٍ خَبَرُ إِنَّ.

'An' is a particle for a verbal noun. 'Yunadiya' is an imperfect verb in the accusative case due to 'an', and the combination forms a nominative verbal noun acting as the predicate of 'inna'.

دَاعِيَانِ فَاعِلُ يُنَادِيَ، وَتَقْدِيرُ الْكَلَامِ: إِنَّ أَجْهَرَ صَوْتٍ مُنَادَاةُ دَاعِيَيْنِ.

'Da'iyani' is the subject of 'yunadiya'. The intended meaning is: 'The loudest voice is the calling of two callers.'

الشَّاهِدُ فِيهِ: قَوْلُهُ وَأَدْعُوَ، حَيْثُ نُصِبَ الْفِعْلُ الْمُضَارِعُ - وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ وَأَدْعُوَ - بِأَنْ مُضْمَرَةٍ وُجُوبًا بَعْدَ وَاوِ الْمَعِيَّةِ فِي جَوَابِ الْأَمْرِ.

The citation here is the phrase 'wa-ad'uwa', where the imperfect verb is placed in the accusative by an obligatorily elided 'an' following the 'waw' of accompaniment in response to an imperative.

الْبَيْتُ لِأَبِي الْأَسْوَدِ الدُّؤَلِيِّ، وَنَسَبَهُ يَاقُوتٌ فِي مُعْجَمِ الْبُلْدَانِ وَأَبُو الْفَرَجِ فِي الْأَغَانِي لِلتَّوَكُّلِ الْكِنَانِيِّ.

The verse belongs to Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali, though Yaqut in 'Mu'jam al-Buldan' and Abu al-Faraj in 'al-Aghani' attributed it to al-Tawakkul al-Kinani.

Vocabulary · المفردات (18 verbs · 64 nouns)

• قَالَ — to say
• دَعَا — to call
• نَادَى — to call out
• نَهَى — to forbid
• أَتَى — to come
• فَعَلَ — to do
• رَوَى — to narrate
• نَسَبَ — to attribute
• جَزَمَ — to make jussive
• حَذَفَ — to delete
• اسْتَشْهَدَ — to cite as evidence
• تَقُولُ — to say
• اسْتَكَانَ — to submit
• أَدْرَكَ — to reach
• فَتَحَ — to open
• خَاطَبَ — to address
• اسْتَتَرَ — to be hidden
• عَمِلَ — to work
• إِعْرَاب — parsing
• فِعْل — verb
• نَاصِب — accusative particle
• مُضَارِع — present tense
• صَوْت — voice
• دَاعِي — caller
• خُلُق — character
• مِثْل — like
• عَار — shame
• عَظِيم — great
• بَيْت — house/verse
• كَلِمَة — word
• مُخْتَار — selection
• شِعْر — poetry
• شَاهِد — evidence
• كِتَاب — book
• مَسْلَك — path
• شُذُور — fragments
• ذَهَب — gold
• إِنْصَاف — justice
• رِوَايَة — narration
• مَجَاز — interpretation
• لَام — lam letter
• أَمْر — command
• قَوْل — saying
• حَلِيلَة — wife
• قَوْم — people
• مِجَان — shield
• قَمَر — moon
• بَدْر — full moon
• سِرَاج — lamp
• لَيْل — night
• شَمْس — sun
• خَصَان — special
• لُغَة — language
• أَفْعَل — elative form
• تَفْضِيل — preference
• نَدَى — dew/generosity
• فَتْح — opening
• نُون — letter 'nun'
• مَقْصُور — shortened
• فَاعِل — doer
• يَاء — ya letter
• مُؤَنَّث — feminine
• مُخَاطَب — addressee
• وَاو — letter waw
• مَعِيَّة — accompaniment
• نَصْب — accusative
• ضَمِير — pronoun
• مُسْتَتِر — hidden
• تَقْدِير — estimation
• حَرْف — letter/particle
• تَوْكِيد — emphasis
• اسْم — noun
• زَائِد — extra
• مُضَاف — genitive
• مَصْدَرِيَّة — infinitive particle
• تَأْوِيل — interpretation
• مَرْفُوع — nominative
• خَبَر — predicate
• كَلَام — speech
• أَجْهَر — louder
• مُنَادَاة — calling
• جَوَاب — answer