Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 4 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 155

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

النَّسَبُ

Relational Adjectives (Al-Nasab).

يَعْنِي أَنَّ أَلِفَ الْإِلْحَاقِ الْمَقْصُورَةَ كَأَلِفِ التَّأْنِيثِ : فِي وُجُوبِ الْحَذْفِ إِنْ كَانَتْ خَامِسَةً كَعَبْرَكِي وَحَبَزَكِي ، وَجَوَازِ الْحَذْفِ وَالْقَلْبِ إِنْ كَانَتْ رَابِعَةً : كَمَلْقَى وَعَلْقَى وَعَلْقَوِي ، وَلَكِنَّ الْمُخْتَارَ هُنَا الْقَلْبُ ، عَكْسَ أَلِفِ التَّأْنِيثِ

This means the shortened alif of attachment (al-ilhaq) functions like the feminine alif (al-ta'nith): it must be deleted if it is the fifth letter, as in 'Abraki' and 'Habazaki'. If it is the fourth letter, one may either delete it or convert it, as in 'Malqa', 'Alqa', and 'Alqawi', though conversion is preferred here, unlike the feminine alif.

وَأَمَّا الْأَلِفُ الْأَصْلِيَّةُ ؛ فَإِنْ كَانَتْ ثَالِثَةً قُلِبَتْ وَاوًا : كَعَصًا وَعَصَوِي ، وَفَتًى وَفَتَوِي ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ رَابِعَةً قُلِبَتْ أَيْضًا وَاوًا ، كَمَلَهْوَى ، وَرُبَّمَا حُذِفَتْ كَمَلَهِي ، وَالْأَوَّلُ هُوَ الْمُخْتَارُ ، وَأَشَارَ بِقَوْلِهِ : « وَلِلْأَصْلِيِّ قَلْبٌ يُعْتَمَى » أَيْ : يُخْتَارُ ، يُقَالُ : اعْتَمَيْتُ الشَّيْءَ - أَيْ : اخْتَرْتُهُ - وَإِنْ كَانَتْ خَامِسَةً فَصَاعِدًا وَجَبَ الْحَذْفُ كَمُصْطَفِي فِي مُصْطَفَى ، وَإِلَى ذَلِكَ أَشَارَ بِقَوْلِهِ : ( وَالْأَلِفَ الْجَائِزَ أَرْبَعًا أَزِلْ

As for the original alif, if it is the third letter, it is converted to a waw, as in 'Asawi' from 'Asa' and 'Fatawi' from 'Fata'. If it is the fourth letter, it is also converted to a waw, as in 'Malahwa', though it is sometimes deleted, as in 'Malahi'; the former is preferred. He points to this with the phrase 'And for the original, a conversion is chosen', meaning it is preferred. One says 'I chose the thing', meaning I selected it. If it is the fifth letter or higher, deletion is mandatory, as in 'Mustafi' from 'Mustafa'. He refers to this when he says, 'And the alif that is permissible [to be] four, remove it...'

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Vocabulary · المفردات (12 verbs · 69 nouns)

• عَنَى — to mean
• قَلَبَ — to turn
• حَذَفَ — to delete
• نَسَبٌ — lineage
• أَلِفٌ — alif
• إِلْحَاقٌ — attachment