Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 4 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 14

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

شَرْحُ ابْنِ عَقِيلٍ : الْجُزْءُ الرَّابِعُ

Sharh Ibn Aqil: Part Four.

وَالتَّحْضِيضُ نَحْوُ : « لَوْلا تَأْتِينَا فَتُحَدِّثَنَا » ، وَمِنْهُ [ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى ] : (لَوْلا أَخَّرْتَنِي إِلَى أَجَلٍ قَرِيبٍ فَأَصَّدَّقَ وَأَكُن مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ ) ، وَالتَّمَنِّي ، نَحْوُ : ( يَا لَيْتَنِي كُنتُ مَعَهُمْ فَأَفُوزَ فَوْزاً عَظِيماً

Urging is exemplified by: 'Why don't you come to us and speak to us?' This includes the Quranic verse: 'Why did You not delay me to a near term so I could give charity and be among the righteous?' Wishing is exemplified by: 'Oh, I wish I had been with them, so I could attain a great success.'

وَمَعْنَى ( أَنْ يَكُونَ الطَّلَبُ مَحْضاً » أَنْ لا يَكُونَ مَدْلُولاً عَلَيْهِ بِاسْمِ فِعْلٍ ، وَلا بِلَفْظِ الْخَبَرِ ؛ فَإِنْ كَانَ مَدْلُولاً عَلَيْهِ بِأَحَدِ هَذَيْنِ الْمَذْكُورَيْنِ وَجَبَ رَفْعُ مَا بَعْدَ الْفَاءِ ، نَحْوُ : ( صَهْ فَأُحْسِنُ إِلَيْكَ ، وَحَسْبُكَ الْحَدِيثُ فَيَنَامُ النَّاسُ

The requirement that 'the request be pure' means it should not be indicated by a verbal noun or a declarative statement. If it is indicated by either of these, the verb following the 'fa' must be in the nominative case, as in: 'Be silent, so I may be good to you,' or 'Enough talk, so the people may sleep.'

وَالْوَاوُ كَالْفَا ، إِنْ تُفِدْ مَفْهُومَ مَعَ ، كَلا تَكُنْ جَلْداً وَتُظْهِرَ الْجَزَعْ

The 'waw' functions like the 'fa' if it conveys the meaning of 'along with,' as in: 'Do not be resilient while showing impatience.'

يَعْنِي أَنَّ الْمَوَاضِعَ الَّتِي يُنْصَبُ فِيهَا الْمُضَارِعُ بِإِضْمَارِ « أَنْ » وُجُوباً بَعْدَ الْفَاءِ يُنْصَبُ فِيهَا كُلِّهَا بِـ « أَنْ » مُضْمَرَةٍ وُجُوباً بَعْدَ الْوَاوِ إِذَا قُصِدَ بِهَا الْمُصَاحَبَةُ ، نَحْوُ : ( وَلَمَّا يَعْلَمِ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ جَاهَدُوا مِنكُمْ وَيَعْلَمَ الصَّابِرِينَ ) وَقَوْلُهُ

He means that in all instances where the present tense verb must be in the accusative case due to an implied 'an' after the 'fa', it must also be in the accusative case due to an implied 'an' after the 'waw' if accompaniment is intended. This is seen in the verse: 'Or do you think that you will enter Paradise while Allah has not yet made evident those of you who fight and made evident those who are steadfast?' and his saying:

لِلإِطْلاقِ ، وَالْفَاعِلُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ جَوَازاً تَقْدِيرُهُ هُوَ يَعُودُ عَلَى مَنْ الْمَوْصُولَةِ الْمَجْرُورَةِ مَحَلا بِالْكَافِ ، وَالْجُمْلَةُ لا مَحَلَّ لَهَا صِلَةُ مَنْ الْمَجْرُورَةِ مَحَلا بِالْكَافِ.

This is for the sake of absolute usage. The subject is a permissible hidden pronoun estimated as 'he,' referring to the relative 'man' which is in the genitive position due to the 'kaf.' The sentence itself has no grammatical position; it is the relative clause for 'man.'

الشَّاهِدُ فِيهِ : قَوْلُهُ « فَتُبْصِرَ » ، حَيْثُ نَصَبَ الْفِعْلَ الْمُضَارِعَ - وَهُوَ تُبْصِرَ - بِأَنْ الْمُضْمَرَةِ وُجُوباً بَعْدَ فَاءِ السَّبَبِيَّةِ فِي جَوَابِ الْعَرْضِ

The evidence here is his use of 'fa-tubsira,' where he placed the present tense verb 'tubsira' in the accusative case due to the mandatory implication of 'an' after the 'fa' of causality in response to an offer.

الْوَاوُ ، مُبْتَدَأٌ « كَالْفَا » ، جَارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِمَحْذُوفٍ خَبَرِ الْمُبْتَدَإِ « إِنْ » ، شَرْطِيَّةٌ تُفِدْ ، فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ فِعْلُ الشَّرْطِ ، وَالْفَاعِلُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ جَوَازاً تَقْدِيرُهُ هِيَ يَعُودُ إِلَى الْوَاوِ ، مَفْهُومَ ، مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ لِتُفِدْ ، وَمَفْهُومَ مُضَافٌ وَ « مَعَ » ، مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ كَلا الْكَافُ جَارَّةٌ لِقَوْلٍ مَحْذُوفٍ عَلَى غِرَارِ مَا سَبَقَ مِرَاراً ، لا : نَاهِيَةٌ تَكُنْ ، فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ نَاقِصٌ مَجْزُومٌ بِلا النَّاهِيَةِ ، وَاسْمُهُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ وُجُوباً تَقْدِيرُهُ أَنْتَ ، وَ « جَلْداً » ، خَبَرُ تَكُنْ

(1) The 'waw' is a subject. 'Ka-l-fa' is a prepositional phrase related to an omitted predicate. 'In' is conditional. 'Tufid' is a present tense verb serving as the condition, with a permissible hidden pronoun estimated as 'it' referring to the 'waw.' 'Mafhum' is the object of 'tufid' and is in a genitive construction with 'ma'a.' The 'kaf' in 'ka-la' is a preposition for an omitted verb of saying, as has been seen repeatedly. 'La' is prohibitive. 'Takun' is an incomplete present tense verb made jussive by the prohibitive 'la,' with a mandatory hidden subject estimated as 'you.' 'Jaldan' is the predicate of 'takun'.

وَتُظْهِرَ ، الْوَاوُ وَاوُ الْمَعِيَّةِ ، تُظْهِرَ : فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ مَنْصُوبٌ بِأَنْ الْمُضْمَرَةِ وُجُوباً بَعْدَ وَاوِ الْمَعِيَّةِ وَهُوَ مَحَلُّ الشَّاهِدِ ، وَفَاعِلُهُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ وُجُوباً تَقْدِيرُهُ أَنْتَ « الْجَزَعَ » ، مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ ، مَنْصُوبٌ بِالْفَتْحَةِ الظَّاهِرَةِ ، وَسُكِّنَ لأَجْلِ الْوَقْفِ ، وَلَكَ فِي هَذَا وَأَمْثَالِهِ أَنْ تَقُولَ : مَنْصُوبٌ بِفَتْحَةٍ مُقَدَّرَةٍ عَلَى آخِرِهِ مَنَعَ مِنْ ظُهُورِهَا سُكُونُ الْوَقْفِ

In 'wa-tuzhira,' the 'waw' is the 'waw' of accompaniment. 'Tuzhira' is a present tense verb in the accusative case due to the mandatory implication of 'an' after this 'waw,' which is the point of the evidence. Its subject is a mandatory hidden pronoun estimated as 'you.' 'Al-jaza'a' is the object, in the accusative case with an apparent fatha, made quiescent for the sake of a pause. In this and similar cases, you may also say it is in the accusative case with an estimated fatha on the final letter, prevented from appearing by the quiescence of the pause.

لِتُظْهِرَ

li-tuzhira

Vocabulary · المفردات (18 verbs · 37 nouns)

• أَتَى — to come
• حَدَّثَ — to speak
• أَخَّرَ — to delay
• تَصَدَّقَ — to give charity
• كَانَ — to be
• فَازَ — to win
• دَلَّ — to indicate
• وَجَبَ — to be necessary
• أَحْسَنَ — to do good
• نَامَ — to sleep
• أَفَادَ — to benefit
• أَظْهَرَ — to show
• نَصَبَ — to make accusative
• أَضْمَرَ — to conceal
• قَصَدَ — to intend
• عَلِمَ — to know
• جَاهَدَ — to struggle
• أَبْصَرَ — to see
• تَحْضِيض — incitement
• نَحْو — like/example
• قَوْل — saying
• أَجَل — term
• قَرِيب — near
• صَالِح — righteous man
• تَمَنِّي — wish
• فَوْز — victory
• عَظِيم — great
• مَعْنَى — meaning
• طَلَب — request
• مَحْض — pure
• مَدْلُول — indicated meaning
• اسْم — noun
• فِعْل — verb
• لَفْظ — wording
• خَبَر — news
• مَذْكُور — mentioned
• رَفْع — nominative case
• فَاء — the letter fa
• حَسْب — sufficiency
• حَدِيث — speech
• نَاس — people
• وَاو — letter waw
• مَفْهُوم — concept
• جَلْد — patient
• جَزَع — impatience
• مَوْضِع — place
• مُضَارِع — present tense
• إِضْمَار — concealment
• وُجُوب — necessity
• مُصَاحَبَة — accompaniment
• صَابِر — patient man
• شَاهِد — witness
• سَبَبِيَّة — causality
• جَوَاب — answer
• عَرْض — offering