Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 4 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 13

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

إِعْرَابُ الْفَصْلِ، نَوَاصِبُ الْفِعْلِ الْمُضَارِعِ.

(from previous page) ⟵ The verse is among the examples for which we have not found an attribution to a specific author: the parsing of the chapter, the particles that make the present tense verb accusative.

وَالِاسْتِفْهَامُ نَحْوَ: «هَلْ تُكْرِمُ زَيْداً فَيُكْرِمَكَ؟»

Interrogative usage, such as: 'Will you honor Zayd so he honors you?'

وَمِنْهُ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَهَلْ لَنَا مِنْ شُفَعَاءَ فَيَشْفَعُوا لَنَا؟﴾،

An example is the Almighty's saying: 'Are there any intercessors for us to intercede on our behalf?'

وَالْعَرْضُ نَحْوَ: «أَلَا تَنْزِلُ عِنْدَنَا فَتُصِيبَ خَيْراً»،

An offer, such as: 'Won't you stay with us so you may attain good?'

وَمِنْهُ قَوْلُهُ: يَا ابْنَ الْكِرَامِ أَلَا تَدْنُو فَتُبْصِرَ مَا قَدْ حَدَّثُوكَ فَمَا رَاءٍ كَمَنْ سَمِعَا.

An example is the saying: 'O son of the noble, won't you draw near to see what they told you? For one who sees is not like one who has heard.'

الْإِعْرَابُ: «رَبِّ»، مُنَادَى بِحَرْفِ نِدَاءٍ مَحْذُوفٍ، وَقَدْ حُذِفَتْ يَاءُ الْمُتَكَلِّمِ اجْتِزَاءً بِكَسْرِ مَا قَبْلَهَا وَفِّقْنِي،

Parsing: 'Rabbi' (My Lord) is a vocative with an omitted vocative particle. The first-person 'ya' is dropped, as the preceding kasra suffices, followed by 'waffiqni' (grant me success).

وَفِّقْ: فِعْلُ دُعَاءٍ، وَفَاعِلُهُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ وُجُوباً تَقْدِيرُهُ أَنْتَ، وَالنُّونُ لِلْوِقَايَةِ، وَالْيَاءُ مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ.

'Waffiq' is a verb of supplication. Its subject is an obligatorily hidden pronoun estimated as 'you', the 'nun' is for protection, and the 'ya' is the direct object.

«فَلَا»، الْفَاءُ فَاءُ السَّبَبِيَّةِ، وَلَا: نَافِيَةٌ.

Regarding 'fala', the 'fa' is the 'fa' of causality, and 'la' is a negative particle.

«أَعْدِلَ»، فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ مَنْصُوبٌ بِأَنْ مُضْمَرَةٍ وُجُوباً بَعْدَ فَاءِ السَّبَبِيَّةِ، وَفَاعِلُهُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ وُجُوباً تَقْدِيرُهُ أَنَا،

'A'dila' is a present tense verb in the accusative case due to an obligatorily implied 'an' following the 'fa' of causality. Its subject is an obligatorily hidden pronoun estimated as 'I'.

وَعَنْ سَنَنِ، جَارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِأَعْدِلَ، وَسَنَنِ مُضَافٌ وَالسَّاعِينَ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ،

'An sanani' is a preposition and noun in the genitive case linked to 'a'dila'. 'Sanani' is the first term of an idafa construct, and 'al-sa'ina' is the second.

فِي خَيْرٍ، جَارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِالسَّاعِينَ، وَخَيْرٍ مُضَافٌ وَسَنَنِ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ مَجْرُورٌ بِالْكَسْرَةِ الظَّاهِرَةِ، وَسُكِّنَ لِأَجْلِ الْوَقْفِ.

'Fi khayrin' is a preposition and noun in the genitive case linked to 'al-sa'ina'. 'Khayrin' is the first term of an idafa construct, and 'sanani' is the second, marked by a visible kasra, made quiescent for the pause.

الشَّاهِدُ فِيهِ: قَوْلُهُ «فَلَا أَعْدِلَ»، حَيْثُ نُصِبَ الْفِعْلُ الْمُضَارِعُ - وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ أَعْدِلَ - بِأَنْ الْمُضْمَرَةِ وُجُوباً بَعْدَ فَاءِ السَّبَبِيَّةِ فِي جَوَابِ الدُّعَاءِ.

The evidence here is the phrase 'fala a'dila', where the present tense verb 'a'dila' is put in the accusative by an obligatorily implied 'an' following the 'fa' of causality in response to a supplication.

وَهَذَا الْبَيْتُ أَيْضاً مِنَ الشَّوَاهِدِ الَّتِي لَمْ نَقِفْ عَلَى نِسْبَتِهَا إِلَى قَائِلٍ مُعَيَّنٍ.

This verse is also among the examples for which we have found no specific author.

الْإِعْرَابُ: يَا، حَرْفُ نِدَاءٍ، ابْنَ، مُنَادَى مَنْصُوبٌ بِالْفَتْحَةِ الظَّاهِرَةِ، وَابْنُ مُضَافٌ وَالْكِرَامِ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ.

Parsing: 'Ya' is a vocative particle. 'Ibna' is a vocative in the accusative case with a visible fatha. 'Ibnu' is the first term of an idafa construct, and 'al-kirami' is the second.

أَلَا، أَدَاةُ عَرْضٍ.

'Ala' is a particle of offer.

تَدْنُو، فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ مَرْفُوعٌ بِضَمَّةٍ مُقَدَّرَةٍ عَلَى الْوَاوِ مَنَعَ مِنْ ظُهُورِهَا الثِّقَلُ، وَفَاعِلُهُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ وُجُوباً تَقْدِيرُهُ أَنْتَ.

'Tadnu' is a present tense verb in the nominative case with a damma estimated on the 'waw', which is omitted for phonetic ease. Its subject is an obligatorily hidden pronoun estimated as 'you'.

فَتُبْصِرَ، الْفَاءُ فَاءُ السَّبَبِيَّةِ، وَتُبْصِرَ: فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ مَنْصُوبٌ بِأَنْ مُضْمَرَةٍ وُجُوباً بَعْدَ فَاءِ السَّبَبِيَّةِ، وَفَاعِلُهُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ وُجُوباً تَقْدِيرُهُ أَنْتَ.

Regarding 'fatubsira', the 'fa' is the 'fa' of causality, and 'tubsira' is a present tense verb in the accusative case due to an obligatorily implied 'an' following the 'fa' of causality. Its subject is an obligatorily hidden pronoun estimated as 'you'.

مَا، اسْمٌ مَوْصُولٌ: مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ لِتُبْصِرَ، مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُونِ فِي مَحَلِّ نَصْبٍ.

'Ma' is a relative pronoun acting as the direct object of 'tubsira', built on sukun in the place of the accusative.

وَقَدْ، حَرْفُ تَحْقِيقٍ: حَدَّثُوكَ، فِعْلٌ وَفَاعِلٌ وَمَفْعُولٌ بِهِ أَوَّلُ، وَالْجُمْلَةُ لَا مَحَلَّ لَهَا صِلَةُ الْمَوْصُولِ، وَالْعَائِدُ ضَمِيرٌ مَنْصُوبٌ حُدِّثُوهُ عَلَى أَنَّهُ مَفْعُولٌ ثَانٍ لَهُ، وَالتَّقْدِيرُ: حَدَّثُوكَهُ.

'Wa qad' is a particle of verification. 'Haddathuka' consists of a verb, subject, and first direct object. The sentence has no grammatical place as a relative clause, and the referent is an accusative pronoun 'haddathuhu' acting as a second object, estimated as 'haddathukahu'.

فَمَا، الْفَاءُ التَّعْلِيلُ، مَا: كَافَّةٌ.

In 'fama', the 'fa' is for explanation, and 'ma' is a restrictive particle.

رَاءٍ، مُبْتَدَأٌ.

'Ra'in' is a subject.

كَمَنْ، جَارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِمَحْذُوفٍ خَبَرِ الْمُبْتَدَأِ.

'Kaman' is a preposition and noun in the genitive case linked to an omitted predicate of the subject.

سَمِعَا، سَمِعَ: فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ، وَالْأَلِفُ.

'Sami'a': 'sami'a' is a past tense verb, and the 'alif' is [a marker].

Vocabulary · المفردات (20 verbs · 67 nouns)

• أَكْرَمَ — to honour
• شَفَعَ — to intercede
• نَزَلَ — to descend
• أَصَابَ — to hit/attain
• دَنَا — to approach
• بَصُرَ — to see
• حَدَّثَ — to tell
• سَمِعَ — to hear
• حَذَفَ — to delete
• وَفَّقَ — to grant success
• عَدَلَ — to deviate/turn away
• سَكَنَ — to be still
• وَقَفَ — to stop
• نَصَبَ — to set up/inflect
• أَضْمَرَ — to conceal
• عَيَّنَ — to specify
• رَفَعَ — to raise
• مَنَعَ — to prevent
• ظَهَرَ — to appear
• بَنَى — to build
• إِعْرَاب — parsing
• فَصْل — chapter
• نَاصِب — accusative particle
• فِعْل — verb
• مُضَارِع — present tense
• اسْتِفْهَام — interrogation
• نَحْو — example
• زَيْد — Zayd
• قَوْل — saying
• شَفِيع — intercessor
• عَرْض — offering
• خَيْر — good
• ابْن — son
• كَرِيم — noble (male)
• مُنَادَى — vocative
• حَرْف — letter/particle
• نِدَاء — call
• يَاء — the letter ya
• مُتَكَلِّم — speaker
• اجْتِزَاء — sufficiency
• كَسْر — kasra
• دُعَاء — supplication
• فَاعِل — doer
• ضَمِير — pronoun
• وُجُوب — necessity
• تَقْدِير — estimation
• نُون — letter 'nun'
• وِقَايَة — protection
• مَفْعُول — object
• فَاء — the letter fa
• سَبَبِيَّة — causality
• سَنَن — path
• جَار — preposition
• مَجْرُور — genitive
• مُتَعَلِّق — related
• سَاعِي — striver (male)
• ظَاهِر — apparent
• أَجْل — sake
• وَقْف — pause
• شَاهِد — evidence
• جَوَاب — answer
• بَيْت — verse
• نِسْبَة — attribution
• قَائِل — speaker
• مُعَيَّن — specific
• فَتْحَة — fatha
• أَدَاة — tool
• ضَمَّة — damma
• مُقَدَّر — estimated
• وَاو — letter waw
• مَنْع — prevention
• ظُهُور — appearance
• ثِقَل — heaviness
• اسْم — noun
• مَوْصُول — relative
• مَبْنِي — indeclinable
• سُكُون — sukoon
• مَحَل — place
• نَصْب — accusative
• تَحْقِيق — verification
• جُمْلَة — sentence
• صِلَة — connection
• عَائِد — referent
• تَعْلِيل — reasoning
• كَافَّة — restrictive
• مُبْتَدَأ — subject
• أَلِف — alif