Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 4 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 12

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

شَرْحُ ابْنِ عَقِيلٍ : الْجُزْءُ الرَّابِعُ

(from previous page) ⟵ The evidence is in his saying 'fayaduni', meaning 'they pay my blood money', for it is in the accusative case by the omission of the nun, and its original form is 'yadunani', and his saying 'ma lahum dhu nadhatin', it is with a fatha on the nun and a sukun on the dal, and its meaning is 'possessor of abundance'.

مَا أَنْتَ إِلَّا تَأْتِينَا فَتُحَدِّثَنَا (١) ، وَمِثَالُ الطَّلَبِ

"You only come to us to speak with us (1), and the example of the request."

وَمِثَالُ الطَّلَبِ - وَهُوَ يَشْمَلُ

The example of the request includes:

يَشْمَلُ : ، وَالدُّعَاءُ ، وَالِاسْتِفْهَامُ ، وَالْعَرْضُ ، وَالتَّحْضِيضُ ، وَالتَّمَنِّي - فَالْأَمْرُ ، نَحْوَ : « ائْتِنِي

It encompasses supplication, interrogation, offering, incitement, and wishing. The command is like: "Come to me

فَأُكْرِمَكَ ، وَمِنْهُ

so I may honor you," and an example of this is:

يَا نَاقُ سِيرِي عَنَقًا فَسِيحًا إِلَى سُلَيْمَانَ فَتَسْتَرِيحَا

324 - O she-camel, travel with a wide, swift pace to Sulayman so that you may rest.

وَالنَّهْيُ نَحْوَ : « لَا تَضْرِبْ زَيْدًا فَيَضْرِبَكَ » وَمِنْهُ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى : ( لَا تَطْغَوْا فِيهِ

Prohibition is like: "Do not hit Zayd, lest he hit you," as in the Almighty's saying: (Do not transgress therein,

فَيَحِلَّ عَلَيْكُمْ غَضَبِي ) وَالدُّعَاءُ نَحْوَ : « رَبِّ انْصُرْنِي فَلَا أُخْذَلَ » وَمِنْهُ

so My wrath may descend upon you). Supplication is like: "My Lord, grant me victory so I am not forsaken," and an example is:

رَبِّ وَفِّقْنِي فَلَا أَعْدِلَ عَنْ سَنَنِ السَّاعِينَ فِي خَيْرِ سَنَنْ

325 - My Lord, grant me success so I do not deviate from the path of those striving in the best of ways.

هَذَا الْوُجُوبُ مُسَلَّمٌ فِيمَا إِذَا انْتَقَضَ النَّفْيُ بِإِلَّا قَبْلَ ذِكْرِ الْفِعْلِ الْمُقْتَرِنِ بِالْفَاءِ ، كَالْمِثَالِ

(1) This obligation is accepted when the negation is broken by 'illa' before the verb connected to the 'fa', as in the example

الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ الشَّارِحُ ، فَأَمَّا إِذَا وَقَعَتْ « إِلَّا » بَعْدَ الْفِعْلِ نَحْوَهُ مَا تَأْتِينَا فَتُكَلِّمَنَا إِلَّا بِخَيْرٍ

mentioned by the commentator. When 'illa' occurs after the verb, as in 'You do not come to us and speak to us except with good',

فَإِنَّهُ يَجُوزُ فِي الْفِعْلِ الْمُقْتَرِنِ بِالْفَاءِ وَجْهَانِ : الرَّفْعُ ، وَالنَّصْبُ ، وَزَعَمَ النَّاظِمُ وَابْنُهُ أَنَّهُ يَجِبُ

the verb connected to the 'fa' may be in either the nominative or the accusative case. The poet and his son claimed

فِيهِ الرَّفْعُ ، وَهُوَ مَرْدُودٌ بِقَوْلِ الشَّاعِرِ

the nominative is mandatory, but this is refuted by the poet's verse:

وَمَا قَامَ مِنَّا قَائِمٌ فِي نَدِيِّنَا فَيَنْطِقُ إِلَّا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَعْرَفُ

No one among us stood in our assembly and spoke except with that which is best known.

يُرْوَى قَوْلُهُ « فَيَنْطِقُ » بِالرَّفْعِ وَالنَّصْبِ ، وَنَصَّ سِيبَوَيْهِ عَلَى جَوَازِهِمَا

The phrase "fayantuqu" is narrated in both the nominative and accusative, and Sibawayh explicitly allowed both.

الْبَيْتُ لِأَبِي النَّجْمِ - الْفَضْلِ بْنِ قُدَامَةَ - الْعِجْلِيِّ

324 - The verse is by Abu al-Najm, al-Fadl ibn Qudamah al-Ijli.

اللُّغَةُ : « عَنَقًا » ، بِفَتْحِ الْعَيْنِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ وَالنُّونِ جَمِيعًا هُوَ ضَرْبٌ مِنَ السَّيْرِ ( فَسِيحًا

Language: "'anaqan", with a fatha on both the 'ayn and the nun, is a type of gait. "Fasiha"

وَاسِعُ الْخُطَى ، وَأَرَادَ سَرِيعًا

means wide-strided, and he intended fast.

الْإِعْرَابُ : « يَا » ، حَرْفُ نِدَاءٍ وَ « نَاقُ » ، مُنَادًى مُرَخَّمٌ « سِيرِي » ، فِعْلُ أَمْرٍ

Parsing: "Ya" is a vocative particle, and "naqu" is a truncated vocative. "Siri" is an imperative verb

مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى حَذْفِ النُّونِ ، وَيَاءُ الْمُؤَنَّثَةِ الْمُخَاطَبَةِ فَاعِلٌ « عَنَقًا » ، مَفْعُولٌ مُطْلَقٌ عَامِلُهُ سِيرِي

built on the deletion of the nun, with the feminine address pronoun as the subject. "'Anaqan" is an absolute object governed by 'siri',

وَأَصْلُهُ نَعْتٌ لِمَحْذُوفٍ ، وَالتَّقْدِيرُ : سِيرِي سَيْرًا عَنَقًا فَسِيحًا ، صِفَةٌ لِعَنَقٍ ، إِلَى سُلَيْمَانَ

originally an adjective for a deleted noun. The implied meaning is 'Siri sayran 'anaqan'. 'Fasiha' is an adjective for 'anaq'. 'Ila Sulayman' is

جَارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ ، مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِسِيرِي ، فَتَسْتَرِيحَا ، الْفَاءُ لِلسَّبَبِيَّةِ ، نَسْتَرِيحُ : فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ مَنْصُوبٌ

a prepositional phrase related to 'siri'. In 'fatastariha', the 'fa' denotes causality. 'Nastarihu' is an imperfect verb in the accusative case

بِأَنْ مُضْمَرَةٍ وُجُوبًا بَعْدَ فَاءِ السَّبَبِيَّةِ ، وَالْأَلِفُ لِلْإِطْلَاقِ ، وَفِي تَسْتَرِيحُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ وُجُوبًا

governed by an implied 'an' necessarily following the 'fa' of causality, and the alif is for rhyme. 'Tastarihu' contains a necessarily hidden pronoun

تَقْدِيرُهُ نَحْنُ

estimated as 'we'.

الشَّاهِدُ فِيهِ : قَوْلُهُ ، فَتَسْتَرِيحَا ، حَيْثُ نَصَبَ الْفِعْلَ الْمُضَارِعَ الَّذِي هُوَ تَسْتَرِيحُ بِأَنْ مُضْمَرَةٍ

The evidence here is the phrase "fatastariha," where the imperfect verb 'tastarihu' is placed in the accusative by an implied 'an'

وُجُوبًا بَعْدَ فَاءِ السَّبَبِيَّةِ فِي جَوَابِ الْأَمْرِ

necessarily following the 'fa' of causality in response to a command.

الْبَيْتُ مِنَ الشَّوَاهِدِ الَّتِي لَمْ نَقِفْ عَلَى نِسْبَتِهَا لِقَائِلٍ مُعَيَّنٍ

The verse is among the examples for which we have not found an attribution to a specific author: the parsing of the chapter, the particles that make the present tense verb accusative. ⟶ (sentence continues on next page)

Vocabulary · المفردات (32 verbs · 55 nouns)

• أَتَى — to come
• حَدَّثَ — to speak
• شَمِلَ — to include
• أَكْرَمَ — to honor
• سَارَ — to travel
• اِسْتَرَاحَ — to rest
• ضَرَبَ — to hit
• طَغَى — to transgress
• حَلَّ — to befall
• نَصَرَ — to help
• خَذَلَ — to abandon
• وَفَّقَ — to grant success
• عَدَلَ — to deviate
• اِنْتَقَضَ — to be invalidated
• ذَكَرَ — to mention
• اِقْتَرَنَ — to be connected
• وَقَعَ — to fall
• تَكَلَّمَ — to speak
• جَازَ — to be permissible
• زَعَمَ — to claim
• وَجَبَ — to be necessary
• رَدَّ — to reject
• قَامَ — to stand
• نَطَقَ — to speak
• عَرَفَ — to know
• رَوَى — to narrate
• نَصَّ — to state
• أَرَادَ — to intend
• تَعَلَّقَ — to relate
• أَضْمَرَ — to conceal
• نَصَبَ — to make accusative
• وَقَفَ — to find
• مِثَال — an example
• طَلَب — request
• دُعَاء — supplication
• اسْتِفْهَام — interrogation
• عَرْض — offer
• تَحْضِيض — incitement
• تَمَنِّي — wish
• أَمْر — command
• نَهْي — prohibition
• غَضَب — anger
• سَنَن — path
• سَاعِي — striver
• خَيْر — good
• وُجُوب — necessity
• نَفْي — negation
• فِعْل — verb
• شَارِح — commentator
• وَجْه — aspect
• رَفْع — nominative case
• نَصْب — accusative
• نَاظِم — poet
• ابْن — son
• شَاعِر — poet
• لُغَة — language
• عَيْن — eye
• نُون — noon
• ضَرْب — type
• سَيْر — walking
• خُطْوَة — step
• إِعْرَاب — parsing
• حَرْف — particle
• نِدَاء — call
• مُنَادًى — vocative
• مُرَخَّم — truncated
• يَاء — ya
• مُؤَنَّث — feminine
• مُخَاطَب — addressee
• فَاعِل — doer
• مَفْعُول — object
• مُطْلَق — absolute
• عَامِل — governor
• نَعْت — adjective
• مَحْذُوف — omitted
• تَقْدِير — estimation
• صِفَة — description
• جَار — preposition
• مَجْرُور — genitive
• فَاء — fa
• سَبَبِيَّة — causality
• أَلِف — alif
• إِطْلَاق — absolute usage
• ضَمِير — pronoun
• مُسْتَتِر — hidden
• شَاهِد — evidence
• جَوَاب — answer