Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 3 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 66

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَأَمَّا الشَّرْطِيَّةُ وَالِاسْتِفْهَامِيَّةُ : فَيُضَافَانِ إِلَى الْمَعْرِفَةِ وَإِلَى النَّكِرَةِ مُطْلَقاً - أَيْ سَوَاءٌ كَانَا مُثَنَّيَيْنِ ، أَوْ مَجْمُوعَيْنِ ، أَوْ مُفْرَدَيْنِ - إِلَّا الْمُفْرَدَ الْمَعْرِفَةَ ؛ فَإِنَّهُمَا لَا يُضَافَانِ إِلَيْهِ ، إِلَّا الِاسْتِفْهَامِيَّةُ ؛ فَإِنَّهَا تُضَافُ إِلَيْهِ كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ ذِكْرُهُ

(from previous page) ⟵ As for the conditional and interrogative [forms], they are annexed to both the definite and the indefinite absolutely—that is, whether they are dual, plural, or singular—except for the definite singular; for they are not annexed to it, except for the interrogative, for it is annexed to it as previously mentioned.

وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ ( أَيّاً ) وَإِنْ كَانَتْ صِفَةً أَوْ حَالاً ، فَهِيَ مُلَازِمَةٌ لِلْإِضَافَةِ لَفْظاً وَمَعْنًى ، نَحْوَ : « مَرَرْتُ بِرَجُلٍ أَيِّ رَجُلٍ ، وَبِزَيْدٍ أَيِّ فَتًى » ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ اسْتِفْهَامِيَّةً أَوْ شَرْطِيَّةً أَوْ مَوْصُولَةً ، فَهِيَ مُلَازِمَةٌ لِلْإِضَافَةِ مَعْنًى لَا لَفْظاً ، نَحْوَ : « أَيُّ رَجُلٍ عِنْدَكَ ؟ وَأَيُّ عِنْدَكَ ؟ وَأَيَّ رَجُلٍ تَضْرِبْ أَضْرِبْ ، وَأَيَّاً تَضْرِبْ أَضْرِبْ ، وَيُعْجِبُنِي أَيُّهُمْ عِنْدَكَ ، وَأَيٌّ عِنْدَكَ » وَنَحْوَ : « أَيُّ الرَّجُلَيْنِ تَضْرِبْ أَضْرِبْ ، وَأَيَّ رَجُلَيْنِ تَضْرِبْ أَضْرِبْ ، وَأَيُّ الرِّجَالِ تَضْرِبْ أَضْرِبْ ، وَأَيَّ رِجَالٍ تَضْرِبْ أَضْرِبْ ، وَأَيُّ الرَّجُلَيْنِ عِنْدَكَ ؟ وَأَيُّ الرِّجَالِ عِنْدَكَ ؟ وَأَيُّ رَجُلٍ ، وَأَيُّ رَجُلَيْنِ ، وَأَيُّ رِجَالٍ

Note that when 'ayy' functions as an adjective or a state, it is inseparable from annexation in both wording and meaning, as in 'I passed by a man, any man' or 'by Zayd, any youth.' When it is interrogative, conditional, or relative, it remains inseparable from annexation in meaning but not in wording. Examples include 'Which man is with you?', 'Which is with you?', 'Whichever man you hit, I will hit', 'Whichever you hit, I will hit', 'I am impressed by whichever of them is with you', and 'Which is with you.' Similar examples include 'Which of the two men you hit, I will hit', 'Which two men you hit, I will hit', 'Which of the men you hit, I will hit', 'Which men you hit, I will hit', 'Which of the two men is with you?', 'Which of the men is with you?', 'Which man?', 'Which two men?', and 'Which men?'

وَالْزَمُوا إِضَافَةَ «الْدُنْ» فَجُرْ وَنَصْبُ «غُدْوَةٍ» بِهَا عَنْهُمْ نَدَرْ

Always make 'ladun' (at/near) a mudaf (annex it), so it takes the genitive case; the accusative case for 'ghudwatan' (morning) with it is rare among the Arabs.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (17 verbs · 46 nouns)

• أَضَافَ — to construct in genitive
• تَقَدَّمَ — to precede
• عَلِمَ — to know
• شَرْطِيَّة — conditional
• اسْتِفْهَامِيَّة — interrogative (feminine)
• مَعْرِفَة — definite noun