Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 3 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 5

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

حُرُوفُ الْجَرِّ.

(from previous page) ⟵ Parsing: 'faqultu' (so I said), a verb and its subject; 'id'u' (call), an imperative verb, and its subject is a pronoun hidden within it obligatorily, estimated as 'anta' (you); 'ukhra' (another), an object, and it is an adjective that replaced its described noun after it was omitted, and the original phrasing is: 'id'u marratan ukhra' (call another time); 'warfa'' (and raise), the 'waw' is a conjunction, and 'irfa'' is an imperative verb, and its subject is a pronoun hidden within it obligatorily, estimated as 'anta' (you); 'as-sawta' (the voice), an object for 'irfa''; 'jahratan' (aloud), an absolute object; 'la'alla' (perhaps), a particle of hope and a preposition similar to the redundant; 'abi' (my father), a subject raised by estimation, and 'abi' is in a genitive construction with 'al-mighwari' (the brave), which is one of the prepositions.

وَقَوْلُهُ: لَعَلَّ اللَّهِ فَضَّلَكُمْ عَلَيْنَا بِشَيْءٍ أَنَّ أُمَّكُمْ شَرِيمٌ.

His statement: 'Perhaps Allah has favored you over us with something, that your mother is a sharim.'

لَعَلَّ اللَّهِ فَضَّلَكُمْ عَلَيْنَا بِشَيْءٍ.

Perhaps Allah has favored you over us with something.

«أَبِي الْمِغْوَارِ» وَالِاسْمُ الْكَرِيمُ: مُبْتَدَأٌ، وَ«قَرِيبٌ»، وَ«فَضَّلَكُمْ»، وَ«لَعَلَّ»، حَرْفُ جَرٍّ زَائِدٌ دَخَلَ عَلَى الْمُبْتَدَأِ؛ فَهُوَ كَالْبَاءِ فِي «بِحَسْبِكَ».

'Abi al-Mighwar' and the noble name are the subject, while 'qareeb', 'faddalakum', and 'la'alla' serve as an extra preposition attached to the subject, much like the 'ba' in 'bi-hasbika'.

مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ «مِنْكَ»، جَارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِقَرِيبٍ الْآتِي «قَرِيبٌ»، خَبَرُ الْمُبْتَدَأِ.

The genitive 'minka' and its prepositional phrase relate to the following 'qareeb', which acts as the predicate of the subject.

الشَّاهِدُ فِيهِ: قَوْلُهُ «لَعَلَّ أَبِي» إِلَخْ، حَيْثُ جَرَّ بِـ«لَعَلَّ» لَفْظَ أَبِي، عَلَى لُغَةِ عُقَيْلٍ.

The evidence lies in his phrase 'la'alla abi', where he uses 'la'alla' to put 'abi' in the genitive case, following the dialect of Uqayl.

هَذَا الْبَيْتُ مِنَ الشَّوَاهِدِ الَّتِي لَمْ نَقِفْ عَلَى نِسْبَتِهَا لِقَائِلٍ مُعَيَّنٍ.

This verse is one of the examples for which we have found no specific author.

اللُّغَةُ: أَنَّ أُمَّكُمْ، يَجُوزُ فِي هَمْزَةِ أَنَّ الْفَتْحُ وَالْكَسْرُ: أَمَّا الْفَتْحُ فَعَلَى أَنَّهَا مَعَ مَا بَعْدَهَا فِي تَأْوِيلِ مَصْدَرٍ بَدَلٌ مِنْ شَيْءٍ، وَأَمَّا الْكَسْرُ فَعَلَى الِابْتِدَاءِ.

Linguistically, for 'anna ummakum', both fatha and kasra are permitted for the hamza. Fatha is used because the phrase functions as a verbal noun replacing 'something', while kasra is used because it begins a new sentence.

شَرِيمٌ، هِيَ الْمَرْأَةُ الْمُفْضَاةُ الَّتِي اتَّحَدَ مَسْلَكَاها، وَيُقَالُ فِيهَا: شَرْمَاءُ، وَشَرُومٌ، أَيْضًا.

'Sharim' refers to a woman whose two passages have merged; she may also be called 'sharma'' or 'sharoom'.

الْإِعْرَابُ: «لَعَلَّ»، حَرْفُ تَرَجٍّ وَجَرٍّ شَبِيهٌ بِالزَّائِدِ.

Parsing: 'la'alla' is a particle of hope and a preposition similar to an extra particle.

«اللَّهُ»، مُبْتَدَأٌ، وَهُوَ فِي اللَّفْظِ مَجْرُورٌ بِلَعَلَّ.

'Allah' is the subject, appearing in the genitive case due to 'la'alla'.

«فَضَّلَكُمْ»، فَضَّلَ: فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ، وَالْفَاعِلُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ جَوَازًا تَقْدِيرُهُ هُوَ يَعُودُ إِلَى اللَّهِ، وَالْكَافُ مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ، وَالْمِيمُ عَلَامَةُ الْجَمْعِ، وَالْجُمْلَةُ مِنْ فَضَّلَ وَفَاعِلِهِ وَمَفْعُولِهِ فِي مَحَلِّ رَفْعٍ خَبَرُ الْمُبْتَدَأِ.

'Faddalakum': 'faddala' is a past tense verb with an implied subject referring to Allah. The 'kaf' is the object and the 'mim' marks the plural. The entire verbal sentence serves as the predicate of the subject.

«عَلَيْنَا»، «بِشَيْءٍ»، جَارَّانِ وَمَجْرُورَانِ يَتَعَلَّقَانِ بِفَضَّلَ.

'Alayna' and 'bi-shay'in' are prepositional phrases related to 'faddala'.

«أَنَّ»، حَرْفُ تَوْكِيدٍ وَنَصْبٍ، «أُمَّكُمْ»، أُمَّ: اسْمُ أَنَّ، وَأُمَّ مُضَافٌ وَالضَّمِيرُ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ.

'Anna' is a particle of emphasis and accusative. In 'ummakum', 'umm' is the noun of 'anna' and is in a genitive construction with the pronoun.

«شَرِيمٌ»، خَبَرُ أَنَّ، وَأَنَّ وَاسْمُهَا وَخَبَرُهَا فِي تَأْوِيلِ مَصْدَرٍ بَدَلٌ مِنْ شَيْءٍ، عَلَى تَقْدِيرِ فَتْحِ هَمْزِ «أَنَّ»، وَأَمَّا عَلَى كَسْرِ الْهَمْزَةِ فَإِنَّ وَاسْمَهَا وَخَبَرَهَا جُمْلَةٌ يُقْصَدُ بِهَا التَّعْلِيلُ.

'Sharim' is the predicate of 'anna'. When the hamza is read with fatha, the phrase functions as a verbal noun replacing 'something'. When read with kasra, it functions as an explanatory sentence.

الشَّاهِدُ فِيهِ: قَوْلُهُ «لَعَلَّ اللَّهِ»، حَيْثُ جَرَّ بِلَعَلَّ مَا بَعْدَهَا لَفْظًا عَلَى لُغَةِ عُقَيْلٍ كَمَا فِي الْبَيْتِ السَّابِقِ، وَهُوَ مَرْفُوعٌ فِي التَّقْدِيرِ، وَلَمْ يَمْنَ��ْ مِنْ ظُهُورِ رَفْعِهِ إِلَّا الْحَرَكَةُ الَّتِي اقْتَضَاهَا حَرْفُ الْجَرِّ الشَّبِيهُ بِالزَّائِدِ.

The evidence is his phrase 'la'alla Allah', where he uses 'la'alla' to put the following word in the genitive case, following the dialect of Uqayl as in the previous verse. It is nominative in function, but the vowel required by the prepositional particle prevents the nominative case from appearing.

الصَّوَابُ أَنْ يَقُولَ: حَرْفُ جَرٍّ شَبِيهٌ بِالزَّائِدِ، وَأَمَّا الْبَاءُ فِي قَوْلِهِمْ «بِحَسْبِكَ دِرْهَمٌ»، فَهِيَ حَرْفٌ زَائِدٌ، فَلَيْسَ التَّشْبِيهُ فِي كَلَامِ الشَّارِحِ دَقِيقًا.

It would be more accurate to say 'a preposition similar to an extra particle', whereas the 'ba' in 'bi-hasbika dirham' is strictly an extra particle; thus, the commentator's comparison is imprecise.

Vocabulary · المفردات (8 verbs · 65 nouns)

• دَخَلَ — to enter
• فَضَّلَ — to prefer
• وَقَفَ — to find/come upon
• اتَّحَدَ — to unite
• قَالَ — to say
• عَادَ — to return
• قَصَدَ — to intend
• اِقْتَضَى — to require
• حَرْفٌ — letter
• جَرٌّ — genitive case
• قَوْلٌ — saying
• شَيْءٌ — thing
• أُمٌّ — mother
• شَرِيمٌ — woman with joined passages
• أَبٌ — father
• مِغْوَارٌ — raider
• اسْمٌ — noun
• كَرِيمٌ — noble
• مُبْتَدَأٌ — subject
• قَرِيبٌ — relative
• زَائِدٌ — extra
• بَاءٌ — letter ba
• حَسْبٌ — sufficiency
• مُضَافٌ — genitive construct
• جَارٌّ — preposition
• مَجْرُورٌ — genitive
• آتٍ — coming
• خَبَرٌ — predicate
• شَاهِدٌ — evidence
• لُغَةٌ — language
• بَيْتٌ — verse of poetry
• نِسْبَةٌ — attribution
• قَائِلٌ — speaker
• مُعَيَّنٌ — specific
• هَمْزَةٌ — hamza
• فَتْحٌ — fatha
• كَسْرٌ — kasra
• تَأْوِيلٌ — interpretation
• مَصْدَرٌ — verbal noun
• بَدَلٌ — substitute
• مَرْأَةٌ — woman
• مُفْضَاةٌ — woman with joined passages
• مَسْلَكٌ — passage
• شَرْمَاءُ — woman with joined passages
• شَرُومٌ — woman with joined passages
• إِعْرَابٌ — parsing
• تَرَجٍّ — hope
• لَفْظٌ — wording
• فِعْلٌ — verb
• مَاضٍ — past
• فَاعِلٌ — doer
• ضَمِيرٌ — pronoun
• تَقْدِيرٌ — estimation
• كَافٌ — letter kaf
• مَفْعُولٌ — object
• مِيمٌ — letter mim
• عَلَامَةٌ — sign
• جَمْعٌ — plural
• جُمْلَةٌ — sentence
• رَفْعٌ — nominative case
• تَوْكِيدٌ — emphasis
• نَصْبٌ — accusative
• تَعْلِيلٌ — reasoning
• سَابِقٌ — previous
• مَرْفُوعٌ — nominative
• ظُهُورٌ — appearance
• حَرَكَةٌ — vowel
• صَوَابٌ — correctness
• دِرْهَمٌ — dirham
• تَشْبِيهٌ — analogy
• كَلَامٌ — speech
• شَارِحٌ — commentator
• دَقِيقٌ — precise