Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 3 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 32

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

مَا خَطِيئَاتِهِمْ تُفْرِقُوا وَقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى عَمَّا قَلِيلٍ لَيُصْبِحُنَّ نَادِمِينَ وَقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى فَبِمَا رَحْمَةٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ لِنْتَ لَهُمْ وَزِيدَ بَعْدَ رُبَّ وَالْكَافِ فَكَفَّ وَقَدْ تَلِيَهُمَا وَجُرَّ كَمْ يَكُفُّ تُزَادُ مَا بَعْدَ الْكَافِ وَرُبَّ فَتَكُفُّهُمَا عَنِ الْعَمَلِ كَقَوْلِهِ فَإِنَّ الْخَمْرَ مِنْ شَرِّ الْمَطَايَا كَمَا الْخَبَطَاتُ شَرُّ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ

Consider the phrases 'ma khati'atihim tufriqu' (they were drowned for their sins), 'amma qalin layusbihunna nadimin' (soon they will surely be regretful), and 'fabima rahmatin min Allahi linta lahum' (it was by Allah's mercy that you were gentle with them). The particle 'ma' is added after 'rubba' and 'al-kaf' to restrain them. It may follow them, as in 'kam yakuffu' (how it restrains). Adding 'ma' after 'al-kaf' and 'rubba' prevents them from governing, as in the verse: 'For wine is among the worst of mounts, just as the Khabatat are the worst of the sons of Tamim.'

وَزِيدَ فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ مَبْنِيٌّ لِلْمَجْهُولِ وَنَائِبُ الْفَاعِلِ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ جَوَازًا تَقْدِيرُهُ هُوَ يَعُودُ عَلَى مَا فِي الْبَيْتِ السَّابِقِ بَعْدَ ظَرْفٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِزِيدَ وَبَعْدَ مُضَافٌ وَرُبَّ لَفْظُهُ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ وَالْكَافُ مَعْطُوفٌ عَلَى رُبَّ

'Zida' is a passive past verb with an implied subject pronoun referring back to the 'ma' mentioned in the previous verse. 'Ba'da' is an adverb linked to 'zida', functioning as the first part of a genitive construction, with 'rubba' as the genitive noun, while 'al-kaf' is conjoined to 'rubba'.

فَكَفَّ فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ وَفَاعِلُهُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ جَوَازًا تَقْدِيرُهُ هُوَ يَعُودُ عَلَى مَا وَقَدْ حَرْفُ تَقْلِيلٍ تَلِيَهُمَا تَلِي فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ وَفَاعِلُهُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ جَوَازًا تَقْدِيرُهُ هُوَ يَعُودُ عَلَى مَا وَالضَّمِيرُ الْبَارِزُ الْمُتَّصِلُ مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ وَجُرَّ الْوَاوُ وَاوُ الْحَالِ جُرَّ مُبْتَدَأٌ لَمْ نَافِيَةٌ جَازِمَةٌ يَكُفُّ فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ مِنَ الْمَجْهُولِ وَنَائِبُ الْفَاعِلِ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ جَوَازًا تَقْدِيرُهُ هُوَ يَعُودُ إِلَى جُرَّ وَالْجُمْلَةُ فِي مَحَلِّ رَفْعِ خَبَرِ الْمُبْتَدَأِ وَالْجُمْلَةُ مِنَ الْمُبْتَدَأِ وَخَبَرِهِ فِي مَحَلِّ نَصْبِ حَالٍ

'Fakaffa' is a past verb with an implied subject pronoun referring back to 'ma', and 'qad' is a particle of diminution. 'Taliyahuma' contains 'tali', a present verb with an implied subject pronoun referring to 'ma', while the attached pronoun is the object. Regarding 'wa jurra', the 'waw' is the circumstantial marker, 'jurra' is the subject, 'lam' is the negative jussive particle, and 'yakuffu' is a passive present verb with an implied subject pronoun referring to 'jurra'. The clause serves as the predicate in the nominative case, and the entire construction functions as a circumstantial clause in the accusative case.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (19 verbs · 63 nouns)

• فَرَّقَ — to separate
• قَالَ — to say
• أَصْبَحَ — to become
• خَطِيئَة — sin
• قَلِيل — small amount
• نَادِم — regretful