Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 3 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 16

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

تُخَيَّرْنَ مِنْ أَزْمَانِ يَوْمٍ حَلِيمَةٍ إِلَى الْيَوْمِ، قَدْ جُرِّبْنَ كُلَّ التَّجَارِبِ.

They have been selected from the time of the Day of Halima to this very day, having been put to every test.

وَمِثَالُ الزَّائِدَةِ: مَا جَاءَنِي مِنْ أَحَدٍ، وَلَا تُزَادُ - عِنْدَ جُمْهُورِ الْبَصْرِيِّينَ - إِلَّا بِشَرْطَيْنِ.

An example of the redundant 'min' is the phrase, 'No one came to me.' According to the majority of the Basran school, it is only considered redundant when two conditions are met.

كِلِينِي لِهَمٍّ يَا أُمَيْمَةُ نَاصِبٍ، وَلَيْلٍ أُقَاسِيهِ بَطِيءِ الْكَوَاكِبِ.

Leave me to my wearying grief, O Umayma, and to a night I endure, its stars crawling across the sky.

اللُّغَةُ: يَوْمُ حَلِيمَةَ، يَوْمٌ مِنْ أَيَّامِ الْعَرَبِ الْمَشْهُورَةِ حَدَثَتْ فِيهِ حَرْبٌ طَاحِنَةٌ بَيْنَ لَخْمٍ وَغَسَّانَ، وَحَلِيمَةُ هِيَ بِنْتُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ أَبِي شَمِرٍ الْغَسَّانِيِّ، أُضِيفَ الْيَوْمُ إِلَيْهَا لِأَنَّ أَبَاهَا - فِيمَا ذَكَرُوا - حِينَ اعْتَزَمَ تَوْجِيهَ جَيْشِهِ إِلَى الْمُنْذِرِ أَمَرَهَا فَجَاءَتْ فَطَيَّبَتْهُمْ، وَفِي يَوْمِ حَلِيمَةَ وَرَدَ الْمَثَلُ: مَا يَوْمُ حَلِيمَةَ بِسِرٍّ، يُضْرَبُ لِلْأَمْرِ الْمُشْتَهَرِ الْمَعْرُوفِ وَالَّذِي لَا يُسْتَطَاعُ كِتْمَانُهُ.

Language: The Day of Halima is one of the famous battles of the Arabs, fought between the tribes of Lakhm and Ghassan. Halima was the daughter of al-Harith ibn Abi Shamir al-Ghassani. The day is named for her because, as the story goes, when her father prepared to send his army against al-Mundhir, she perfumed the soldiers before they departed. The proverb 'The Day of Halima is no secret' stems from this event and is used to describe a well-known affair that cannot be hidden.

وَقَبْلَ الْبَيْتِ الْمُسْتَشْهَدِ بِهِ قَوْلُهُ: فَهُمْ يَتَسَاقَوْنَ الْمَنِيَّةَ بَيْنَهُمْ، بِأَيْدِيهِمُ بِيضٌ رِقَاقُ الْمَضَارِبِ.

The verse preceding the one cited is: 'They pass death among themselves, wielding white blades with thin edges.'

وَلَا عَيْبَ فِيهِمْ غَيْرَ أَنَّ سُيُوفَهُمْ، بِهِنَّ فُلُولٌ مِنْ قِرَاعِ الْكَتَائِبِ.

They have no fault, save that their swords are notched from clashing with enemy ranks.

الْإِعْرَابُ: تُخَيَّرْنَ، تُخَيَّرَ: فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ مَبْنِيٌّ لِلْمَجْهُولِ، وَنُونُ النِّسْوَةِ الْعَائِدُ عَلَى السُّيُوفِ الْمَذْكُورَةِ فِي الْبَيْتِ السَّابِقِ عَلَى بَيْتِ الشَّاهِدِ - نَائِبُ فَاعِلٍ.

Parsing: 'Tukhayyirna' (they were chosen): 'Tukhayyira' is a passive past verb. The feminine plural pronoun, which refers back to the swords mentioned in the preceding verse, serves as the deputy subject.

مِنْ أَزْمَانٍ، جَارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِتُخَيَّرَ، وَأَزْمَانٍ مُضَافٌ، وَيَوْمٍ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ، وَيَوْمٍ مُضَافٌ وَحَلِيمَةَ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ.

'Min azmanin' (from the times of): a prepositional phrase linked to 'tukhayyira'. 'Azmanin' is the first term of an idafa construction, with 'yawmin' as the second. 'Yawmin' then serves as the first term for 'Halimata' as the second.

إِلَى الْيَوْمِ، جَارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِتُخَيَّرَ، وَجُمْلَةُ قَدْ جُرِّبْنَ مِنَ الْفِعْلِ الْمَاضِي الْمَبْنِيِّ لِلْمَجْهُولِ وَنَائِبِ الْفَاعِلِ فِي مَحَلِّ نَصْبٍ حَالٌ.

'Ila al-yawmi' (until today): a prepositional phrase linked to 'tukhayyira'. The clause 'qad jurribna' (they have been tested), composed of the passive verb and its deputy subject, functions as an accusative state.

كُلَّ، مَفْعُولٌ مُطْلَقٌ، وَكُلٍّ مُضَافٌ، وَالتَّجَارِبِ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ.

'Kulla' (every): an absolute object. It is the first term of an idafa construction, with 'al-tajaribi' as the second.

الشَّاهِدُ فِيهِ: قَوْلُهُ مِنْ أَزْمَانٍ، حَيْثُ وَرَدَتْ مِنْ لِابْتِدَاءِ الْغَايَةِ فِي الزَّمَنِ.

The evidence here lies in the phrase 'min azmanin', where 'min' is used to denote the starting point in time.

وَفِي الْمَسْأَلَةِ كَلَامٌ طَوِيلُ الذَّيْلِ عَمِيقُ السَّيْلِ، وَتَلْخِيصُهُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ ذَهَبَ جُمْهُورُ الْكُوفِيِّينَ وَأَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْمُبَرِّدُ وَالْأَخْفَشُ وَابْنُ دَرَسْتَوَيْهِ مِنَ الْبَصْرِيِّينَ إِلَى أَنَّ مِنْ قَدْ تَأْتِي لِابْتِدَاءِ الْغَايَةِ فِي الزَّمَانِ، وَمَالَ إِلَى هَذَا الْمُحَقِّقُ الرَّضِيُّ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ ابْنُ مَالِكٍ وَابْنُ هِشَامٍ، وَذَهَبَ جُمْهُورُ الْبَصْرِيِّينَ إِلَى أَنَّهَا لَا تَجِيءُ لِذَلِكَ، وَاتَّفَقَ الْجَمِيعُ عَلَى أَنَّهَا تَأْتِي لِابْتِدَاءِ الْغَايَةِ فِي الْأَمْكِنَةِ وَالْأَحْدَاثِ وَالْأَشْخَاصِ.

This issue has been discussed at great length. In summary, the majority of the Kufans, along with Abu al-Abbas al-Mubarrad, al-Akhfash, and Ibn Darastawayh of the Basrans, hold that 'min' can denote a starting point in time. The scholar al-Radi leaned toward this view, as did Ibn Malik and Ibn Hisham. The majority of the Basrans argue against this, though all agree that 'min' is used for starting points regarding places, events, and people.

Vocabulary · المفردات (22 verbs · 81 nouns)

• خَيَّرَ — to be chosen
• جَرَّبَ — to test
• جَاءَ — to come
• زَادَ — to increase
• قَاسَى — to endure
• حَدَثَ — to happen
• أَضَافَ — to attribute
• اعْتَزَمَ — to resolve
• أَمَرَ — to command
• طَيَّبَ — to perfume
• وَرَدَ — to arrive
• ضَرَبَ — to strike
• اسْتَطَاعَ — to be able
• تَسَاقَى — to drink together
• ذَكَرَ — to mention
• بَنَى — to build
• عَادَ — to return
• تَعَلَّقَ — to relate
• ذَهَبَ — to go
• أَتَى — to come
• مَالَ — to incline
• اتَّفَقَ — to agree
• زَمَان — time
• يَوْم — day
• تَجْرِبَة — experience
• مِثَال — an example
• زَائِد — extra
• أَحَد — one
• جُمْهُور — majority
• بَصْرِيّ — Basran
• شَرْط — condition
• هَمّ — worry
• نَاصِب — tiring
• لَيْل — night
• بَطِيء — slow
• كَوْكَب — star
• لُغَة — language
• عَرَب — Arabs
• مَشْهُور — famous
• حَرْب — war
• طَاحِنَة — fierce
• بِنْت — daughter
• أَب — father
• غَسَّانِيّ — Ghassanid
• تَوْجِيه — directing
• جَيْش — army
• مُنْذِر — warner
• مَثَل — proverb
• سِرّ — secret
• أَمْر — matter
• مُشْتَهَر — well-known
• مَعْرُوف — known
• كِتْمَان — concealment
• بَيْت — verse
• مُسْتَشْهَد — cited
• قَوْل — saying
• مَنِيَّة — death
• يَد — hand
• أَبْيَض — white
• رَقِيق — thin
• مِضْرَب — blade
• عَيْب — fault
• سَيْف — sword
• فُلُول — notches
• قِرَاع — clashing
• كَتِيبَة — battalion
• فِعْل — verb
• مَاضِي — past
• مَبْنِيّ — built
• مَجْهُول — passive
• نُون — nun
• نِسْوَة — women
• عَائِد — referent
• مَذْكُور — mentioned
• سَابِق — previous
• شَاهِد — witness
• نَائِب — deputy
• فَاعِل — doer
• جَارّ — preposition
• مَجْرُور — genitive
• مُتَعَلِّق — related
• مُضَاف — genitive construct
• جُمْلَة — sentence
• نَصْب — accusative
• حَال — state
• مَفْعُول — object
• مُطْلَق — absolute
• ابْتِدَاء — beginning
• غَايَة — limit
• مَسْأَلَة — issue
• كَلَام — speech
• طَوِيل — long
• ذَيْل — a tail
• عَمِيق — deep
• سَيْل — flood
• تَلْخِيص — summary
• كُوفِيّ — Kufan
• مُحَقِّق — researcher
• رَضِيّ — Radhi
• جَمِيع — all
• مَكَان — place
• حَدَث — event
• شَخْص — person