Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 3 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 157

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

التَّعَجُّبُ

(from previous page) ⟵ The verb of wonder is frozen and non-inflected as you have learned, and the frozen verb is weak in itself, so it does not act upon its object by changing its position, neither by placing it before it, nor by separating between it and the object of wonder.

وَلَا هُوَ مَا زَيْدًا أَحْسَنَ ، وَلَا « بِزَيْدٍ أَحْسِنْ » ، وَيَجِبُ وَصْلُهُ بِمَعْمُولِهِ ، فَلَا يُفْصَلُ بَيْنَهُمَا بِأَجْنَبِيٍّ ، فَلَا تَقُولُ فِي « مَا أَحْسَنَ مُعْطِيَكَ الدِّرْهَمَ » : « مَا أَحْسَنَ الدِّرْهَمَ مُعْطِيَكَ » ، وَلَا فَرْقَ فِي ذَلِكَ بَيْنَ الْمَجْرُورِ وَغَيْرِهِ ؛ فَلَا تَقُولُ : « مَا أَحْسَنَ بِزَيْدٍ مَارًّا » ، تُرِيدُ « مَا أَحْسَنَ مَارًّا بِزَيْدٍ » وَلَا « مَا أَحْسَنَ عِنْدَكَ جَالِسًا » ، تُرِيدُ « مَا أَحْسَنَ جَالِسًا عِنْدَكَ » ، فَإِنْ كَانَ الظَّرْفُ أَوِ الْمَجْرُورُ مَعْمُولًا لِفِعْلِ التَّعَجُّبِ فَفِي جَوَازِ الْفَصْلِ بِكُلٍّ مِنْهُمَا بَيْنَ فِعْلِ التَّعَجُّبِ وَمَعْمُولِهِ خِلَافٌ ، وَالْمَشْهُورُ جَوَازُهُ ، خِلَافًا لِلْأَخْفَشِ وَالْمُبَرِّدِ وَمَنْ وَافَقَهُمَا ، وَنَسَبَ الصَّيْمَرِيُّ الْمَنْعَ إِلَى سِيبَوَيْهِ ، وَمِمَّا وَرَدَ فِيهِ الْفَصْلُ فِي النَّثْرِ قَوْلُ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَعْدِي كَرِبَ : « لِلَّهِ دَرُّ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ مَا أَحْسَنَ فِي الْهَيْجَاءِ لِقَاءَهَا ، وَأَكْرَمَ فِي اللَّزَبَاتِ عَطَاءَهَا ، وَأَثْبَتَ فِي الْمَكْرُمَاتِ بَقَاءَهَا » ، وَقَوْلُ عَلِيٍّ كَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَجْهَهُ ، وَقَدْ مَرَّ بِعَمَّارٍ فَمَسَحَ التُّرَابَ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ : أَعْزِزْ عَلَيَّ أَبَا الْيَقْظَانِ أَنْ أَرَاكَ صَرِيعًا مُجَدَّلًا ، وَمِمَّا وَرَدَ مِنْهُ مِنَ النَّظْمِ قَوْلُ بَعْضِ الصَّحَابَةِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ

It is not 'ma Zaydan ahsana' nor 'bi-Zaydin ahsin'. The verb must be connected to its object; no extraneous element may come between them. You cannot say 'ma ahsana ad-dirhama mu'tiyaka' for 'ma ahsana mu'tiyaka ad-dirhama' (How good is your giver of the dirham). There is no distinction here between genitive and other cases. You cannot say 'ma ahsana bi-Zaydin marran' when you mean 'ma ahsana marran bi-Zaydin', nor 'ma ahsana 'indaka jalisan' when you mean 'ma ahsana jalisan 'indaka'. If an adverb or a genitive phrase acts as the object of the exclamation verb, scholars disagree on whether it is permissible to separate the verb from its object using these elements. The prevailing view permits it, contrary to al-Akhfash, al-Mubarrad, and their followers, though al-Saymari attributes the prohibition to Sibawayh. Examples of such separation in prose include the words of 'Amr ibn Ma'di Karib: 'To God belongs the merit of the Banu Sulaym; how good in battle is their encounter, how generous in hardship is their giving, and how steadfast in noble deeds is their endurance.' Another example is the statement of Ali, may God honor his face, when he passed by 'Ammar and wiped the dust from his face: 'It is grievous to me, O Abu al-Yaqzan, to see you fallen and laid out.' Among the poetic examples is this verse by one of the Companions, may God be pleased with them:

وَقَالَ نَبِيُّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ : تَقَدَّمُوا ، وَأَحْبِبْ إِلَيْنَا أَنْ تَكُونَ الْمُقَدَّمَا

271-21- The Prophet of the Muslims said, 'Advance, and how we love to see you in the lead.'

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Vocabulary · المفردات (22 verbs · 62 nouns)

• تَعَجَّبَ — to wonder
• أَحْسَنَ — to express wonder
• وَجَبَ — to be necessary
• تَعَجُّبٌ — wonder
• مَعْمُولٌ — governed word
• فَصْلٌ — separation