Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 2 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 278

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَمَوْضِعُ الْحَالِ تَجِيءُ جُمْلَةٌ كَـ «جَاءَ زَيْدٌ وَهُوَ نَاوٍ رَحْلَهُ»

A nominal sentence may occupy the position of the circumstantial accusative, as in: 'Zayd came while he was intending his journey.'

الْأَصْلُ فِي الْحَالِ وَالْخَبَرِ وَالصِّفَةِ الْإِفْرَادُ، وَتَقَعُ الْجُمْلَةُ مَوْقِعَ الْحَالِ، كَمَا تَقَعُ مَوْقِعَ الْخَبَرِ وَالصِّفَةِ، وَلَا بُدَّ فِيهَا مِنْ رَابِطٍ، وَهُوَ فِي الْحَالِيَّةِ: إِمَّا ضَمِيرٌ، نَحْوُ: «جَاءَ زَيْدٌ يَدُهُ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ» أَوْ وَاوٌ - وَتُسَمَّى وَاوَ الْحَالِ، وَوَاوَ الِابْتِدَاءِ، وَعَلَامَتُهَا صِحَّةُ وُقُوعِ «إِذْ» مَوْقِعَهَا - نَحْوُ: «جَاءَ زَيْدٌ وَعَمْرٌو قَائِمٌ» التَّقْدِيرُ: إِذْ عَمْرٌو قَائِمٌ، أَوِ الضَّمِيرُ وَالْوَاوُ مَعًا، نَحْوُ: «جَاءَ زَيْدٌ وَهُوَ نَاوٍ رِحْلَةً».

While the circumstantial qualifier, the predicate, and the adjective are typically single words, a sentence can occupy these roles if it includes a connector. For a circumstantial qualifier, this connector is either a pronoun, as in "Zayd arrived with his hand on his head," or a 'waw'—known as the 'waw' of circumstance or initiation, which can be replaced by the word 'idh' (when), as in "Zayd arrived while Amr was standing" (implying "when Amr was standing"). Alternatively, both a pronoun and the 'waw' may be used together, as in "Zayd arrived while he was intending a journey."

مَوْضِعٌ: ظَرْفُ مَكَانٍ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِتَجِيءُ، وَمَوْضِعٌ مُضَافٌ وَالْحَالُ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ، تَجِيءُ: فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ، جُمْلَةٌ: فَاعِلُ تَجِيءُ، كَجَاءَ زَيْدٌ، الْكَافُ جَارَّةٌ لِقَوْلٍ مَحْذُوفٍ، كَمَا سَبَقَ مِرَارًا، وَمَا بَعْدَهَا فِعْلٌ وَفَاعِلٌ، وَهُوَ: الْوَاوُ وَاوُ الْحَالِ، وَهُوَ ضَمِيرٌ مُنْفَصِلٌ مُبْتَدَأٌ، نَاوٍ: خَبَرُ الْمُبْتَدَإِ، وَفِيهِ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فَاعِلٌ، رِحْلَةً: مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ لِنَاوٍ، وَالْجُمْلَةُ مِنَ الْمُبْتَدَإِ وَالْخَبَرِ فِي مَحَلِّ نَصْبٍ حَالٍ.

'Mawdi'un' (position) is a locative adverb linked to 'taji'u' (comes), with 'mawdi'u' in a genitive construction with 'al-hal'. 'Taji'u' is an imperfect verb, and 'jumlatun' (sentence) is its subject. In the phrase 'ka-ja'a Zaydun' (like 'Zayd arrived'), the 'kaf' is a preposition for an omitted word, as previously explained, followed by a verb and subject. In 'wa-huwa', the 'waw' is the circumstantial connector, 'huwa' is a detached pronoun acting as the subject, 'nawin' (intending) is the predicate, containing a hidden pronoun as its subject, and 'rihlatan' (a journey) is the direct object of 'nawin'. The entire nominal sentence functions as an accusative circumstantial qualifier.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (24 verbs · 41 nouns)

• جَاءَ — to come
• نَوَى — to intend
• وَقَعَ — to occur
• مَوْضِعٌ — place
• حَالٌ — state
• جُمْلَةٌ — sentence