Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 2 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 239

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الِاسْتِثْنَاءُ مَا بَعْدَهَا ؛ فَتَقُولُ : « قَامَ الْقَوْمُ حَاشَا زَيْدًا ، وَحَاشَا زَيْدٍ ، وَحَكَى جَمَاعَةٌ - مِنْهُمُ الْقُرَّاءُ ، وَأَبُو زَيْدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ ، وَالشَّيْبَانِيُّ - النَّصْبَ بِهَا ، وَمِنْهُ : « اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي وَلِمَنْ يَسْمَعُ ، حَاشَا الشَّيْطَانَ وَأَبَا الْإِصْبَعِ ، وَقَوْلُهُ : حَاشَا قُرَيْشًا ؛ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ فَضَّلَهُمْ عَلَى الْبَرِيَّةِ بِالْإِسْلَامِ وَالدِّينِ.

It governs the noun that follows it. You say, 'The people stood, except Zayd (in the accusative),' or 'except Zayd (in the genitive).' A group of scholars—including the Quranic reciters, Abu Zayd al-Ansari, and al-Shaybani—reported the use of the accusative case here. Examples include: 'O Allah, forgive me and those who hear, except for the Devil and Abu al-Isba',' and the phrase: 'Except for Quraysh, for Allah has favored them over all creation through Islam and the faith.'

وَقَوْلُ الْمُصَنِّفِ : « وَلَا تَصْحَبُ مَا » مَعْنَاهُ أَنَّ « حَاشَا » مِثْلُ « خَلَا » فِي أَنَّهَا تَنْصِبُ مَا بَعْدَهَا أَوْ تَجُرُّهُ ، وَلَكِنْ لَا تَتَقَدَّمُ عَلَيْهَا « مَا » كَمَا تَتَقَدَّمُ عَلَى « خَلَا » ؛ فَلَا تَقُولُ : « قَامَ الْقَوْمُ مَا حَاشَا زَيْدًا » ، وَهَذَا الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ هُوَ الْكَثِيرُ ، وَقَدْ صَحِبَتْهَا « مَا » قَلِيلًا ؛ فَفِي مُسْنَدِ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ الطَّرَسُوسِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : « أُسَامَةُ أَحَبُّ النَّاسِ إِلَيَّ مَا حَاشَا فَاطِمَةَ

The author's statement, 'It is not accompanied by ma,' means that while hasha functions like khala by governing the following noun in either the accusative or genitive, it cannot be preceded by ma as khala can. You cannot say, 'The people stood, ma hasha Zayd.' This is the standard usage, though ma has rarely been observed with it. In the Musnad of Abu Umayyah al-Tarsusi, it is reported from Ibn Umar that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, 'Usamah is the most beloved of people to me, except for Fatimah.'

الْإِعْرَابُ : « حَاشَا » فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ دَالٌّ عَلَى الِاسْتِثْنَاءِ ، وَفَاعِلُهُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ وُجُوبًا تَقْدِيرُهُ هُوَ يَعُودُ عَلَى الْبَعْضِ الْمَفْهُومِ مِنَ الْكُلِّ السَّابِقِ « قُرَيْشًا » مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ لِحَاشَا ، فَإِنَّ ، الْفَاءُ لِلتَّعْلِيلِ ، إِنَّ : حَرْفُ تَوْكِيدٍ وَنَصْبٍ « اللَّهُ » اسْمُ إِنَّ « فَضَّلَهُمْ » فَضَّلَ : فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ ، وَفَاعِلُهُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ جَوَازًا تَقْدِيرُهُ هُوَ يَعُودُ عَلَى اللَّهِ ، هُمْ : مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ لِفَضَّلَ ، وَالْجُمْلَةُ مِنْ فَضَّلَ وَفَاعِلِهِ وَمَفْعُولِهِ فِي مَحَلِّ رَفْعٍ خَبَرُ « إِنَّ » « عَلَى الْبَرِيَّةِ » ، « بِالْإِسْلَامِ » ، جَارَّانِ وَمَجْرُورَانِ مُتَعَلِّقَانِ بِفَضَّلَ وَالدِّينِ ، عَطْفٌ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ.

Parsing: Hasha is a past verb indicating exception. Its subject is an obligatorily hidden pronoun referring back to the part understood from the preceding whole. Qurayshan is the direct object of hasha. Regarding fa-inna: the fa indicates causality, and inna is a particle of emphasis. Allah is the noun of inna. In faddalahum, faddala is a past verb with a permissibly hidden subject referring to Allah. Hum is the direct object of faddala. The clause formed by the verb, subject, and object stands in the nominative position as the predicate of inna. The phrases 'ala al-bariyyah and bi-al-islam are prepositional phrases related to the verb faddala, while wa-al-din is a conjunction linked to al-islam.

…2 more translated lines, 18 more verbs and 44 more nouns on this page — subscribe to study every page.

Vocabulary · المفردات (21 verbs · 47 nouns)

• قَامَ — to stand
• حَكَى — to narrate
• غَفَرَ — to forgive
• اسْتِثْنَاءٌ — exception
• قَوْمٌ — people
• جَمَاعَةٌ — group