Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 2 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 220

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

غَيْرُ تَوْكِيدِ الأُولَى ، وَهَذَا مَعْنَى إِلْغَائِهَا ، وَذَلِكَ فِي الْبَدَلِ وَالْعَطْفِ ، نَحْوُ : « مَا مَرَرْتُ بِأَحَدٍ إِلَّا زَيْدٍ إِلَّا أَخِيكَ » ، فَـ « أَخِيكَ » بَدَلٌ مِنْ « زَيْدٍ » وَلَمْ تُؤَثِّرْ فِيهِ « إِلَّا » شَيْئًا ، أَيْ لَمْ تُفِدْ فِيهِ اسْتِثْنَاءً مُسْتَقِلًّا ، وَكَأَنَّكَ قُلْتَ : مَا مَرَرْتُ بِأَحَدٍ إِلَّا زَيْدٍ أَخِيكَ

This serves only to emphasize the first, which is the meaning of its cancellation. This occurs in substitution and conjunction, as in: "I did not pass by anyone except Zayd, except your brother." Here, "your brother" is a substitute for "Zayd," and the second "except" has no effect; it creates no independent exception. It is as if you had said: "I did not pass by anyone except Zayd, your brother."

وَمِثْلُهُ : « لَا تَمْرُرْ بِهِمْ إِلَّا الْفَتَى إِلَّا الْعَلَا » [ وَالأَصْلُ : لَا تَمْرُرْ بِهِمْ إِلَّا الْفَتَى الْعَلَا ] فِي ( الْعَلَا ) بَدَلٌ مِنَ الْفَتَى ، وَكُرِّرَتْ ( إِلَّا ) تَوْكِيدًا ، وَمِثَالُ الْعَطْفِ « قَامَ الْقَوْمُ إِلَّا زَيْدًا وَإِلَّا عَمْرًا » وَالأَصْلُ : إِلَّا زَيْدًا وَعَمْرًا ، ثُمَّ كُرِّرَتْ « إِلَّا » تَوْكِيدًا ، وَمِنْهُ قَوْلُهُ : هَلِ الدَّهْرُ إِلَّا لَيْلَةٌ وَنَهَارُهَا وَإِلَّا طُلُوعُ الشَّمْسِ ثُمَّ غِيَارُهَا وَالأَصْلُ : وَطُلُوعُ الشَّمْسِ ، وَكُرِّرَتْ « إِلَّا » تَوْكِيدًا

A similar case is: "Do not pass by them except the young man, except Al-Ala" (the original being: "Do not pass by them except the young man Al-Ala"). In this instance, "Al-Ala" is a substitute for "the young man," and "except" is repeated for emphasis. An example of conjunction is: "The people stood except Zayd and except Amr," where the original is "except Zayd and Amr," with "except" repeated for emphasis. This is also seen in the verse: "Is time anything but a night and its day, and except the rising of the sun then its setting?" The original was "and the rising of the sun," with "except" repeated for emphasis.

أَبَى الْقَلْبُ إِلَّا أُمَّ عَمْرٍو ، وَأَصْبَحَتْ تُحَرِّقُ نَارِي بِالشَّكَاةِ وَنَارُهَا

My heart refused anything but Umm Amr, and now she burns my fire with complaint, along with her own.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (20 verbs · 52 nouns)

• مَرَّ — to pass
• أَثَّرَ — to affect
• أَفَادَ — to provide/yield
• تَوْكِيدٌ — emphasis
• مَعْنًى — meaning
• إِلْغَاءٌ — cancellation