Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 2 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 163

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

التَّنَازُعُ فِي الْعَمَلِ.

Contention in governance.

تَقَدَّمَ أَنَّهُ إِذَا أُعْمِلَ أَحَدُ الْعَامِلَيْنِ فِي الظَّاهِرِ وَأُهْمِلَ الْآخَرُ عَنْهُ أُعْمِلَ فِي ضَمِيرِهِ، وَيَلْزَمُ الْإِضْمَارُ إِنْ كَانَ مَطْلُوبُ الْفِعْلِ مِمَّا يَلْزَمُ ذِكْرُهُ: كَالْفَاعِلِ، أَوْ نَائِبِهِ، وَلَا فَرْقَ فِي وُجُوبِ الْإِضْمَارِ - حِينَئِذٍ - بَيْنَ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُهْمَلُ الْأَوَّلَ أَوِ الثَّانِيَ، فَتَقُولُ: «يُحْسِنَانِ وَيُسِيءُ ابْنَاكَ، وَيُحْسِنُ وَيُسِيئَانِ ابْنَاكَ».

It has been established that if one of two governing agents acts upon an explicit noun while the other is neglected, the latter must act upon a pronoun. Pronominalization is mandatory if the verb requires a specific element, such as a subject or its deputy. There is no difference in this requirement whether the neglected agent is the first or the second. Thus, you say: 'Yuhsinani wa yusi'u ibnaka' (They two do good and your two sons do evil) or 'Yuhsinu wa yusi'ani ibnaka' (He does good and your two sons do evil).

وَذَكَرَ هُنَا أَنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ مَطْلُوبُ الْفِعْلِ الْمُهْمَلِ غَيْرَ مَرْفُوعٍ فَلَا يَخْلُو: إِمَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ عُمْدَةً فِي الْأَصْلِ - وَهُوَ مَفْعُولُ «ظَنَّ» وَأَخَوَاتِهَا؛ لِأَنَّهُ مُبْتَدَأٌ فِي الْأَصْلِ أَوْ خَبَرٌ، وَهُوَ الْمُرَادُ بِقَوْلِهِ: «إِنْ يَكُنْ هُوَ الْخَبَرَ» - أَوْ لَا، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ كَذَلِكَ: فَإِمَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ الطَّالِبُ لَهُ هُوَ الْأَوَّلَ، أَوِ الثَّانِيَ، فَإِنْ كَانَ الْأَوَّلَ لَمْ يَجُزِ الْإِضْمَارُ؛ فَتَقُولُ: «ضَرَبْتُ وَضَرَبَنِي زَيْدٌ، وَمَرَرْتُ وَمَرَّ بِي زَيْدٌ»، وَلَا تُضْمِرْ فَلَا تَقُولُ: «ضَرَبْتُهُ وَضَرَبَنِي زَيْدٌ، وَلَا مَرَرْتُ بِهِ وَمَرَّ بِي زَيْدٌ»، وَقَدْ جَاءَ فِي الشِّعْرِ، كَقَوْلِهِ: إِذَا كُنْتَ تُرْضِيهِ وَيُرْضِيكَ صَاحِبٌ، جِهَارًا فَكُنْ فِي الْغَيْبِ أَحْفَظَ لِلْعَهْدِ.

He notes here that if the required element of the neglected verb is not in the nominative case, it must be one of two things: either it is a principal element—such as the object of 'zanna' and its counterparts, because it originates as a subject or predicate, which is what he means by 'if it is the predicate'—or it is not. If it is not, then either the first or second agent seeks it. If the first seeks it, pronominalization is not permitted. You say: 'Darabtu wa darabani Zaydun' (I hit and Zayd hit me) or 'Marartu wa marra bi Zaydun' (I passed by and Zayd passed by me). You do not use a pronoun, so you do not say: 'Darabtuhu wa darabani Zaydun' (I hit him and Zayd hit me) or 'Marartu bihi wa marra bi Zaydun' (I passed by him and Zayd passed by me), although this has appeared in poetry, as in: 'If you satisfy him and a companion satisfies you openly, then be more protective of the covenant in secret.'

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Vocabulary · المفردات (27 verbs · 54 nouns)

• تَقَدَّمَ — to precede
• أَعْمَلَ — to make operative
• أَهْمَلَ — to neglect
• تَنَازُع — dispute
• عَمَل — work
• عَامِل — worker