Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 2 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 16

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

شَرْحُ ابْنِ عَقِيلٍ : الْجُزْءُ الثَّانِي

Ibn Aqil's Commentary: Volume Two.

وَالثَّانِي : الرَّفْعُ ، نَحْوَ : ( لَا رَجُلٌ وَلَا امْرَأَةٌ ، وَلَا غُلَامَ رَجُلٍ وَلَا امْرَأَةٌ

The second case is the nominative (raf'), as in: 'la rajulun wa la imra'atun, wa la ghulama rajulin wa la imra'atun' (1).

وَلَا يَجُوزُ النَّصْبُ لِلثَّانِي ؛ لِأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا جَازَ فِيمَا تَقَدَّمَ لِلْعَطْفِ عَلَى [ مَحَلِّ ] اسْمِ « لَا

The accusative (nasb) is not permitted for the second noun, because it was only allowed in the previous examples due to the conjunction referring to the position of the noun governed by 'la'.

وَ « لَا » هُنَا لَيْسَتْ بِنَاصِبَةٍ ؛ فَيَسْقُطُ النَّصْبُ ، وَلِهَذَا قَالَ الْمُصَنِّفُ : « وَإِنْ رَفَعْتَ أَوَّلًا لَا تَنْصِبَا

Since 'la' here does not govern the accusative, that case is dropped; hence the author's statement: 'If you use the nominative for the first, do not use the accusative for the second'.

وَمُفْرَدًا نَعْتًا لِمَبْنِيٍّ يَلِي فَافْتَحْ، أَوْ انْصِبْ، أَوْ ارْفَعْ، تَعْدِلَا

If a singular adjective follows a built-upon [indeclinable] noun, you may give it a fatha, an accusative, or a nominative case, and you will be acting justly.

الثَّانِيَةُ مَحْذُوفٌ يَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ خَبَرُ الْأُولَى ، وَتَكُونُ الْوَاوُ قَدْ عَطَفَتْ جُمْلَةَ لَا الثَّانِيَةِ الْعَامِلَةِ عَمَلَ إِنَّ عَلَى جُمْلَةِ الْأُولَى الْعَامِلَةِ عَمَلَ لَيْسَ ، وَلَكِنَّ الْوَجْهَ الثَّانِيَ مِنْ وَجْهَيِ الْخَبَرِ ضَعِيفٌ ؛ لِمَا يَلْزَمُ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْعَطْفِ قَبْلَ اسْتِكْمَالِ الْمَعْطُوفِ عَلَيْهِ

The second predicate is omitted, implied by the predicate of the first. The 'wa' conjoins the sentence of the second 'la'—which functions like 'inna'—to the sentence of the first, which functions like 'laysa'. This second interpretation of the predicate is weak, however, because it requires conjunction before the conjoined element is complete.

الشَّاهِدُ فِيهِ : قَوْلُهُ فَلَا لَغْوٌ وَلَا تَأْثِيمٌ ، حَيْثُ أَلْغَى لَا الْأُولَى ، أَوْ أَعْمَلَهَا عَمَلَ لَيْسَ ، فَرَفَعَ الِاسْمَ بَعْدَهَا ، وَأَعْمَلَ : لَا ، الثَّانِيَةَ عَمَلَ ( إِنَّ ، عَلَى مَا بَيَّنَّاهُ فِي إِعْرَابِ الْبَيْتِ

The evidence for this is the phrase: 'fala laghwun wa la ta'thimun'. Here, the first 'la' is either nullified or acts like 'laysa', resulting in the nominative for the following noun, while the second 'la' acts like 'inna', as we explained in the grammatical analysis of the verse.

وَمِثْلُ هَذَا الشَّاهِدِ قَوْلُ عَامِرِ بْنِ جُوَيْنٍ فِي بَابِ الْفَاعِلِ : الطَّائِيِّ ، وَهُوَ الشَّاهِدُ رَقْمُ ١٤٦ الْآتِي فَلَا مُزْنَةٌ وَدَقَتْ وَدْقَهَا وَلَا أَرْضَ أَبْقَلَ إِبْقَالَهَا الرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ بِرَفْعِ « مُزْنَةٌ » بِالضَّمَّةِ الظَّاهِرَةِ وَبِفَتْحِ « أَرْضَ » ، وَالْقَوْلُ فِيهِمَا كَالْقَوْلِ فِي

A similar example is the line by Amir ibn Juwayn al-Ta'i, which appears as evidence number 146 in the chapter on the subject (al-fa'il):

فَلَا مُزْنَةٌ وَدَقَتْ وَدْقَهَا وَلَا أَرْضَ أَبْقَلَ إِبْقَالَهَا

No rain cloud poured its rain, and no land sprouted its vegetation.

الرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ بِرَفْعِ « مُزْنَةٌ » بِالضَّمَّةِ الظَّاهِرَةِ وَبِفَتْحِ « أَرْضَ » ، وَالْقَوْلُ فِيهِمَا كَالْقَوْلِ فِي « لَا لَغْوٌ وَلَا تَأْثِيمٌ »

The narration uses the nominative for 'muznatun' with an explicit damma, and the accusative for 'ardan'. The explanation for both is the same as that for 'la laghwun wa la ta'thimun'.

مِنْ شَوَاهِدِ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى : ( لَا بَيْعٌ فِيهِ وَلَا خُلَّةٌ وَلَا شَفَاعَةٌ ) بِرَفْعِ الثَّلَاثَةِ فِي قِرَاءَةِ غَيْرِ أَبِي عَمْرٍو وَابْنِ كَثِيرٍ ، وَقَوْلُ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ الرَّاعِي

(1) One example of this usage is the Quranic verse: 'la bay'un fihi wa la khullatun wa la shafa'atun', where all three are in the nominative in recitations other than those of Abu 'Amr and Ibn Kathir, as well as the line by 'Ubayd ibn Husayn al-Ra'i:

تَجَرْتُكِ حَتَّى قُلْتِ مُعْلِنَةً : لَا نَاقَةٌ لِي فِي هَذَا وَلَا جَمَلُ

I tested you until you declared: 'I have no stake in this, neither she-camel nor he-camel'.

وَقَدْ نَسَجَ عَلَيْهِ أَبُو الطَّيِّبِ الْمُتَنَبِّي فِي قَوْلِهِ

Abu al-Tayyib al-Mutanabbi followed this pattern in his verse:

أَلَا يَا التَّعَلُّلُ لَا أَهْلٌ وَلَا وَطَنٌ وَلَا نَدِيمٌ وَلَا كَأْسٌ وَلَا سَكَنُ

Oh, diversion! Is there no family, no homeland, no companion, no cup, and no dwelling?

وَ مُفْرَدًا نَعْتًا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُفْرَدًا مَفْعُولًا مُقَدَّمًا تَنَازَعَهُ الْعَوَامِلُ الثَّلَاثَةُ

It is permissible for a singular adjective to be a singular preposed object governed by the three factors, not the one used for the negation of the genus. ⟶ (sentence continues on next page)

Vocabulary · المفردات (23 verbs · 48 nouns)

• جَازَ — to be permissible
• تَقَدَّمَ — to precede
• سَقَطَ — to fall
• قَالَ — to say
• رَفَعَ — to raise
• نَصَبَ — to put in accusative
• وَلِيَ — to follow
• فَتَحَ — to put in fatha
• عَدَلَ — to be just
• حَذَفَ — to delete
• دَلَّ — to indicate
• كَانَ — to be
• عَطَفَ — to conjoin
• لَزِمَ — to be necessary
• اِسْتَكْمَلَ — to complete
• أَلْغَى — to cancel
• أَعْمَلَ — to make operative
• بَيَّنَ — to clarify
• وَدَقَ — to rain
• أَبْقَلَ — to grow green plants
• تَجَرَّأَ — to dare
• أَعْلَنَ — to announce
• تَنَازَعَ — to contend
• ثَانٍ — second
• رَفْع — nominative case
• رَجُل — man
• امْرَأَة — woman
• غُلَام — boy
• جَوَاز — permissibility
• نَصْب — accusative
• عَطْف — conjunction
• مَحَلّ — place
• اسْم — noun
• نَاصِبَة — accusative
• مُصَنِّف — author
• مُفْرَد — singular
• نَعْت — adjective
• مَبْنِيّ — indeclinable
• خَبَر — predicate
• أَوَّل — first
• جُمْلَة — sentence
• عَامِل — agent
• عَمَل — work
• وَجْه — aspect
• ضَعِيف — the weak
• شَاهِد — evidence
• قَوْل — saying
• لَغْو — vain talk
• تَأْثِيم — blame
• إِعْرَاب — grammatical analysis
• بَيْت — verse
• بَاب — chapter
• فَاعِل — subject
• مُزْنَة — cloud
• أَرْض — land
• رِوَايَة — narration
• ضَمَّة — damma
• ظَاهِرَة — apparent
• فَتْح — fatha
• بَيْع — sale
• خُلَّة — friendship
• شَفَاعَة — intercession
• نَاقَة — she-camel
• جَمَل — camel
• تَعَلُّل — diversion
• أَهْل — family
• وَطَن — homeland
• نَدِيم — companion
• كَأْس — cup
• سَكَن — dwelling
• مَفْعُول — object