Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 2 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 144

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَذَكَرَ فِي هَذَا الْبَيْتِ أَنَّ الْمُلَابَسَةَ بِالتَّابِعِ كَالْمُلَابَسَةِ بِالسَّبَبِيِّ ، وَمَعْنَاهُ أَنَّهُ إِذْ عَمِلَ الْفِعْلُ فِي أَجْنَبِيٍّ ، وَأُتْبِعَ بِمَا اشْتَمَلَ عَلَى ضَمِيرِ الِاسْمِ السَّابِقِ - مِنْ صِفَةٍ ، نَحْوُ : زَيْدًا ضَرَبْتُ رَجُلًا يُحِبُّهُ ، أَوْ عَطْفِ بَيَانٍ ، نَحْوُ : زَيْدًا ضَرَبْتُ عَمْرًا أَبَاهُ ، أَوْ مَعْطُوفٍ بِالْوَاوِ خَاصَّةً نَحْوُ : زَيْدًا ضَرَبْتُ عَمْرًا وَأَخَاهُ - حَصَلَتِ الْمُلَابَسَةُ بِذَلِكَ كَمَا تَحْصُلُ بِنَفْسِ السَّبَبِيِّ ، فَيُنَزَّلُ زَيْدًا ضَرَبْتُ رَجُلًا يُحِبُّهُ مَنْزِلَةَ زَيْدًا ضَرَبْتُ غُلَامَهُ ، وَكَذَلِكَ الْبَاقِي

In this verse, he notes that a connection via a dependent word is equivalent to a connection via a causative agent. This means that when a verb acts upon an unrelated noun and is followed by a word containing a pronoun that refers back to the preceding noun—whether it is an adjective, as in 'Zaydan darabtu rajulan yuhibbuhu' (Zayd, I hit a man who loves him), an explanatory appositive, as in 'Zaydan darabtu 'Amran abahu' (Zayd, I hit 'Amr, his father), or a noun joined by 'wa', as in 'Zaydan darabtu 'Amran wa-akhahu' (Zayd, I hit 'Amr and his brother)—the connection is established just as it is with a causative agent. Thus, 'Zaydan darabtu rajulan yuhibbuhu' is treated exactly like 'Zaydan darabtu ghulamahu' (Zayd, I hit his servant), and the same applies to the rest.

وَحَاصِلُهُ أَنَّ الْأَجْنَبِيَّ إِذَا أُتْبِعَ بِمَا فِيهِ ضَمِيرُ الِاسْمِ السَّابِقِ جَرَى مَجْرَى السَّبَبِيِّ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ

The point is that when an unrelated noun is followed by a word containing a pronoun referring to the preceding noun, it functions just like a causative agent. God knows best.

هُنَا شَيْئَانِ أُحِبُّ أَنْ أُنَبِّهَكَ إِلَيْهِمَا ، وَأُبَيِّنَ لَكَ شَأْنَهُمَا : الْأَمْرُ الْأَوَّلُ : أَنَّ الْمُؤَلِّفَ ذَكَرَ مِمَّا يَحْصُلُ بِهِ الِارْتِبَاطُ بَيْنَ الِاسْمِ الْمُتَقَدِّمِ الَّذِي هُوَ الْمَشْغُولُ عَنْهُ وَالْفِعْلِ الَّذِي هُوَ الْمَشْغُولُ ثَلَاثَةً مِنَ التَّوَابِعِ ، وَهِيَ النَّعْتُ وَعَطْفُ الْبَيَانِ وَالْعَطْفُ ، وَأَهْمَلَ اثْنَيْنِ وَهُمَا التَّوْكِيدُ وَالْبَدَلُ ، وَسِرُّ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْبَدَلَ لَا يَجِيءُ فِي مَعْمُولِ الْفِعْلِ الْمَشْغُولِ أَصْلًا ، وَأَمَّا التَّوْكِيدُ فَاللَّفْظِيُّ مِنْهُ لَا يَتَّصِلُ بِضَمِيرٍ وَالْمَعْنَوِيُّ يَكُونُ الضَّمِيرُ الْمُتَّصِلُ بِهِ رَاجِعًا إِلَى الْمُؤَكَّدِ لَا إِلَى الِاسْمِ الْمُتَقَدِّمِ ، فَلَوْ قُلْتَ زَيْدًا ضَرَبْتُ خَالِدًا نَفْسَهُ ، لَمْ يَكُنْ ثَمَّةَ رَابِطٌ بَيْنَ زَيْدٍ وَالْفِعْلِ الَّذِي بَعْدَهُ ، لِأَنَّ الْهَاءَ فِي نَفْسِهِ تَعُودُ إِلَى خَالِدٍ ، لَا إِلَى زَيْدٍ الْوَاقِعِ فِي أَوَّلِ الْكَلَامِ

There are two things I wish to point out and clarify. First, the author lists three types of dependent words that link the preceding noun—the one left behind—to the verb that occupies the object position: the adjective, the explanatory appositive, and the conjunction. He omits two: the emphatic and the substitute. The reason is that a substitute cannot function as the object of an occupied verb. As for the emphatic, the verbal type does not take a pronoun, while the semantic type takes a pronoun that refers back to the word being emphasized, not to the preceding noun. If you say 'Zaydan darabtu Khalidan nafsahu' (Zayd, I hit Khalid himself), there is no link between Zayd and the following verb because the 'ha' in 'nafsahu' refers to Khalid, not to Zayd at the start of the sentence.

…2 more translated lines, 17 more verbs and 48 more nouns on this page — subscribe to study every page.

Vocabulary · المفردات (20 verbs · 51 nouns)

• ذَكَرَ — to mention
• عَمِلَ — to work
• اتَّبَعَ — to follow
• بَيْت — house
• مُلَابَسَة — connection
• تَابِع — follower