Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 1 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 92

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَكُلُّ مُضْمَرٍ لَهُ الْبِنَاءُ يَجِبُ وَلَفْظُ مَا جُرَّ كَلَفْظِ مَا نُصِبَ.

Indeclinability is mandatory for every pronoun, and the form of a genitive pronoun is identical to that of an accusative one.

الْمُضْمَرَاتُ كُلُّهَا مَبْنِيَّةٌ؛ لِشَبَهِهَا بِالْحُرُوفِ فِي الْجُمُودِ، وَلِذَلِكَ لَا تُصَغَّرُ.

All pronouns are indeclinable because they resemble particles in their rigidity; for this reason, they cannot be diminutivized.

وَكُلُّ مُبْتَدَأٌ أَوَّلُ، وَكُلُّ مُضَافٌ وَمُضْمَرٌ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ، لَهُ جَارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِيَجِبُ الْآتِي، الْبِنَاءُ مُبْتَدَأٌ ثَانٍ، يَجِبُ فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ، وَفَاعِلُهُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ جَوَازًا تَقْدِيرُهُ هُوَ يَعُودُ إِلَى الْبِنَاءِ، وَالْجُمْلَةُ مِنَ الْفِعْلِ وَفَاعِلِهِ فِي مَحَلِّ رَفْعٍ خَبَرُ الْمُبْتَدَأِ الثَّانِي، وَجُمْلَةُ الْمُبْتَدَأِ الثَّانِي وَخَبَرِهِ فِي مَحَلِّ رَفْعٍ خَبَرُ الْمُبْتَدَأِ الْأَوَّلِ، وَلَفْظُ مُبْتَدَأٌ، وَلَفْظُ مُضَافٌ وَمَا اسْمٌ مَوْصُولٌ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُونِ فِي مَحَلِّ جَرٍّ، جُرَّ فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ، وَنَائِبُ الْفَاعِلِ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ جَوَازًا تَقْدِيرُهُ هُوَ يَعُودُ إِلَى مَا الْمَوْصُولَةِ، وَالْجُمْلَةُ لَا مَحَلَّ لَهَا مِنَ الْإِعْرَابِ صِلَةٌ، كَلَفْظٍ جَارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِمَحْذُوفٍ خَبَرُ الْمُبْتَدَأِ، وَلَفْظُ مُضَافٌ وَمَا اسْمٌ مَوْصُولٌ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ، نُصِبَ فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ، وَنَائِبُ الْفَاعِلِ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ جَوَازًا تَقْدِيرُهُ هُوَ يَعُودُ إِلَى مَا الْمَجْرُورَةِ مَحَلًّا بِالْإِضَافَةِ، وَالْجُمْلَةُ مِنَ الْفِعْلِ وَنَائِبِ فَاعِلِهِ لَا مَحَلَّ لَهَا مِنَ الْإِعْرَابِ صِلَةُ الْمَوْصُولِ.

'Kullu' is the first subject, while 'mudmar' is a genitive construction, accompanied by a prepositional phrase related to the subsequent 'yajibu'. 'Al-bina'u' serves as the second subject. 'Yajibu' is an imperfect verb whose subject is a permissible hidden pronoun, understood as 'it' referring back to 'al-bina'u'. The sentence composed of this verb and its subject is in the nominative position as the predicate of the second subject, and the sentence of the second subject and its predicate is in the nominative position as the predicate of the first subject. The term 'mubtada'un' and the term 'mudafun' are used, with 'ma' as a relative noun in a genitive construction, indeclinable on sukun in the genitive position. 'Jurra' is a past verb with a permissible hidden deputy subject understood as 'it', referring back to the relative 'ma', and the sentence has no grammatical position as a relative clause. 'Ka-lafzin' is a prepositional phrase related to an omitted predicate of the subject. The term 'mudafun' and 'ma' as a relative noun form a genitive construction. 'Nusiba' is a past verb with a permissible hidden deputy subject understood as 'it', referring back to the 'ma' that is genitive by position due to the genitive construction, and the sentence composed of the verb and its deputy subject has no grammatical position as the relative clause.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (25 verbs · 73 nouns)

• وَجَبَ — to be necessary
• جَرَّ — to be in genitive case
• نَصَبَ — to be in accusative case
• مُضْمَر — pronoun
• بِنَاء — indeclinability
• لَفْظ — word