Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 1 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 47

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَمَفْعُولُهُ لَا مَحَلَّ لَهَا مِنَ الْإِعْرَابِ تَفْسِيرِيَّةٌ فَحَسْبِيَ الْفَاءُ وَاقِعَةٌ فِي جَوَابِ الشَّرْطِ، حَرْفٌ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الْفَتْحِ لَا مَحَلَّ لَهُ مِنَ الْإِعْرَابِ، حَسْبُ: اِسْمٌ بِمَعْنَى كَافٍ خَبَرٌ مُقَدَّمٌ، وَحَسْبُ مُضَافٌ وَيَاءُ الْمُتَكَلِّمِ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ، مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الْفَتْحِ فِي مَحَلِّ جَرٍّ، مِنْ: حَرْفُ جَرٍّ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُونِ لَا مَحَلَّ لَهُ، ذُو: اِسْمٌ مَوْصُولٌ بِمَعْنَى الَّذِي مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُونِ فِي مَحَلِّ جَرٍّ بِمِنْ، وَإِنْ رُوِيَتْ ذِي، فَهُوَ مَجْرُورٌ بِمِنْ، وَعَلَامَةُ جَرِّهِ الْيَاءُ نِيَابَةً عَنِ الْكَسْرَةِ، وَالْجَارُّ وَالْمَجْرُورُ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِحَسْبٍ، عِنْدَهُمْ، عِنْدَ: ظَرْفٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِمَحْذُوفٍ يَقَعُ صِلَةَ الْمَوْصُولِ الَّذِي هُوَ ذُو بِمَعْنَى الَّذِي، وَعِنْدَ مُضَافٌ وَضَمِيرُ الْغَائِبِينَ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ، مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُونِ فِي مَحَلِّ جَرٍّ، مَا: اِسْمٌ مَوْصُولٌ بِمَعْنَى الَّذِي مُبْتَدَأٌ مُؤَخَّرٌ، مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُونِ فِي مَحَلِّ رَفْعٍ كَفَانِيَا، كَفَى: فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى فَتْحٍ مُقَدَّرٍ عَلَى الْأَلِفِ مَنَعَ مِنْ ظُهُورِهِ التَّعَذُّرُ، وَفَاعِلُهُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ جَوَازًا تَقْدِيرُهُ هُوَ يَعُودُ إِلَى الِاسْمِ الْمَوْصُولِ الَّذِي هُوَ مَا، وَالنُّونُ لِلْوِقَايَةِ، وَيَاءُ الْمُتَكَلِّمِ مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الْفَتْحِ فِي مَحَلِّ نَصْبٍ، وَالْأَلِفُ لِلْإِطْلَاقِ، وَجُمْلَةُ كَفَى وَفَاعِلُهُ وَمَفْعُولُهُ لَا مَحَلَّ صِلَةُ مَا.

Its object has no grammatical status, as it is explanatory. Regarding 'fa-hasbiya', the 'fa' is a particle occurring in the apodosis of a conditional, indeclinable on fatha with no grammatical status. 'Hasbu' is a noun meaning 'sufficient', acting as a fronted predicate; it is in a genitive construct with the first-person pronoun, which is indeclinable on fatha in the genitive position. 'Min' is a preposition indeclinable on sukun. 'Dhu' is a relative noun meaning 'the one who', indeclinable on sukun in the genitive position governed by 'min'. If it is narrated as 'dhi', it is genitive, marked by the ya instead of the kasra. The prepositional phrase relates to 'hasb'. In 'indahum', 'inda' is an adverb relating to an omitted element that serves as the relative clause for 'dhu'. 'Inda' is in a genitive construct with the third-person plural pronoun, which is indeclinable on sukun in the genitive position. 'Ma' is a relative noun meaning 'the one who', acting as a delayed subject, indeclinable on sukun in the nominative position. In 'kafaniya', 'kafa' is a past tense verb indeclinable on an implied fatha on the alif, which is prevented from appearing by impossibility. Its subject is a permissible hidden pronoun referring to the relative noun 'ma'. The nun is for protection, the first-person pronoun is the object indeclinable on fatha in the accusative position, and the final alif is for prolongation. The clause 'kafa' with its subject and object has no grammatical status, serving as the relative clause for 'ma'.

الشَّاهِدُ فِيهِ: قَوْلُهُ حَسْبِي مِنْ ذُو عِنْدَهُمْ، فَإِنَّ ذُو، فِي هَذِهِ الْعِبَارَةِ اِسْمٌ مَوْصُولٌ بِمَعْنَى الَّذِي، وَقَدْ رُوِيَتْ هَذِهِ الْحِكَايَةُ بِرِوَايَتَيْنِ، فَمِنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ مَنْ رَوَى حَسْبِي مِنْ ذِي عِنْدَهُمْ بِالْيَاءِ وَاسْتَدَلَّ بِهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ عَلَى أَنَّ ذَا، الْمَوْصُولَةَ تُعَامَلُ مُعَامَلَةَ ذِي، الَّتِي بِمَعْنَى صَاحِبٍ وَالَّتِي هِيَ مِنَ الْأَسْمَاءِ السِّتَّةِ، فَتُرْفَعُ بِالْوَاوِ، وَتُنْصَبُ بِالْأَلِفِ، وَتُجَرُّ بِالْيَاءِ كَمَا فِي هَذِهِ الْعِبَارَةِ عَلَى هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ، وَمَعْنَى ذَلِكَ أَنَّهَا مُعْرَبَةٌ وَيَتَغَيَّرُ آخِرُهَا بِتَغَيُّرِ التَّرَاكِيبِ.

The evidence here is the phrase 'hasbi min dhu indahum', where 'dhu' functions as a relative noun meaning 'the one who'. This account has been transmitted in two versions. Some scholars narrated it as 'hasbi min dhi indahum' using the ya, arguing that the relative 'dhu' is treated like the 'dhu' meaning 'possessor'—one of the six nouns—which is nominative with waw, accusative with alif, and genitive with ya. In this version, the word is inflected, with its ending changing according to the grammatical structure.

وَمِنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ مَنْ رَوَى فَحَسْبِي مِنْ ذُو عِنْدَهُمْ، بِالْوَاوِ، وَاسْتَدَلَّ بِهَا عَلَى أَنَّ ذُو، الَّتِي هِيَ اِسْمٌ مَوْصُولٌ مَبْنِيَّةٌ وَأَنَّهَا تَجِيءُ بِالْوَاوِ فِي حَالَةِ الرَّفْعِ وَفِي حَالَةِ النَّصْبِ وَفِي حَالَةِ الْجَرِّ جَمِيعًا، وَهَذَا الْوَجْهُ هُوَ الرَّاجِحُ عِنْدَ النُّحَاةِ، وَسَيَذْكُرُ الشَّارِحُ هَذَا الْبَيْتَ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى فِي بَابِ الْمَوْصُولِ، وَيُنَبِّهُ عَلَى الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ جَمِيعًا، وَعَلَى أَنَّ رِوَايَةَ الْوَاوِ تَدُلُّ عَلَى الْبِنَاءِ، وَرِوَايَةَ الْيَاءِ تَدُلُّ عَلَى الْإِعْرَابِ، لَكِنْ عَلَى رِوَايَةِ الْيَاءِ يَكُونُ الْإِعْرَابُ فِيهَا بِالْحُرُوفِ نِيَابَةً عَنِ الْحَرَكَاتِ عَلَى الرَّاجِحِ، وَعَلَى رِوَايَةِ الْوَاوِ تَكُونُ الْكَلِمَةُ فِيهَا مَبْنِيَّةً عَلَى السُّكُونِ، فَاعْرِفْ ذَلِكَ وَلَا تَنْسَهُ.

Others narrated it as 'fa-hasbi min dhu indahum' with the waw, using this to argue that the relative 'dhu' is indeclinable, appearing with a waw in the nominative, accusative, and genitive cases alike. This is the preferred view among grammarians. The commentator will revisit this verse in the chapter on relative nouns, noting both versions. He will explain that the waw version indicates indeclinability, while the ya version indicates inflection. In the ya version, the inflection is marked by letters rather than vowels, according to the most accepted view, whereas in the waw version, the word remains indeclinable on sukun. Keep this in mind and do not forget it.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (18 verbs · 71 nouns)

• وَقَعَ — to fall
• كَفَى — to suffice
• عَادَ — to return
• مَفْعُول — object
• مَحَلّ — place
• إِعْرَاب — grammatical inflection