Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 1 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 386

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

إِذَا وَقَعَ خَبَرُ ( أَنْ ) الْمُخَفَّفَةِ جُمْلَةً اسْمِيَّةً لَمْ يَحْتَجْ إِلَى فَاصِلٍ ؛ فَتَقُولُ : « عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ زَيْدٌ قَائِمٌ » مِنْ غَيْرِ حَرْفٍ فَاصِلٍ بَيْنَ « أَنْ » وَخَبَرِهَا ، إِلَّا إِذَا قُصِدَ النَّفْيُ ؛ فَيُفْصَلُ بَيْنَهُمَا بِحَرْفِ [ النَّفْيِ ] كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( وَأَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ فَهَلْ أَنْتُمْ مُسْلِمُونَ

When the predicate of the lightened 'anna' is a nominal sentence, it needs no separator. You say, 'I knew that Zayd is standing,' without any separating particle between 'anna' and its predicate, unless you intend negation. In that case, you separate them with a negative particle, as in the Almighty's saying, 'That there is no god but He, so will you be Muslims?'

وَإِنْ وَقَعَ خَبَرُهَا جُمْلَةً فِعْلِيَّةً ، فَلَا يَخْلُو : إِمَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ الْفِعْلُ مُتَصَرِّفًا ، أَوْ غَيْرَ مُتَصَرِّفٍ ، فَإِنْ كَانَ غَيْرَ مُتَصَرِّفٍ لَمْ يُؤْتَ بِفَاصِلٍ ، نَحْوَ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( وَأَنْ لَيْسَ لِلْإِنْسَانِ إِلَّا مَا سَعَى ) وَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( وَأَنْ عَسَى أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدِ اقْتَرَبَ أَجَلُهُمْ

If the predicate is a verbal sentence, the verb is either inflected or uninflected. If it is uninflected, no separator is used, as in the Almighty's saying, 'That man shall have nothing except what he strives for,' and, 'That perhaps their term has drawn near.'

وَإِنْ كَانَ مُتَصَرِّفًا ، فَلَا يَخْلُو : إِمَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ دُعَاءً ، أَوْ لَا ، فَإِنْ كَانَ دُعَاءً لَمْ يُفْصَلْ ، كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( وَالْخَامِسَةُ أَنْ غَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهَا ) فِي قِرَاءَةِ مَنْ قَرَأَ ( غَضِبَ ) بِصِيغَةِ الْمَاضِي ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ دُعَاءً فَقَالَ قَوْمٌ : يَجِبُ أَنْ يُفْصَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا إِلَّا قَلِيلًا ، وَقَالَتْ فِرْقَةٌ مِنْهُمُ الْمُصَنِّفُ : يَجُوزُ الْفَصْلُ وَتَرْكُهُ وَالْأَحْسَنُ الْفَصْلُ ، وَالْفَاصِلُ أَحَدُ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْيَاءَ : فَلَمَّا رَأَى أَنْ تَمَّرَ اللَّهُ مَالَهُ وَأَتْلَفَ مَوْجُودًا وَسَدَّ مَفَاقِرَهُ أَكَبَّ عَلَى فَأْسٍ يُحِدُّ غُرَابَهَا مُذَكَّرَةٍ مِنَ الْمَعَاوِلِ بَاتِرَةٍ

If the verb is inflected, it is either an invocation or it is not. If it is an invocation, no separation is made, as in the Almighty's saying, 'And the fifth is that the wrath of Allah be upon her,' according to the reading that uses the past tense. If it is not an invocation, some say separation is mandatory except in rare cases. A group, including the author, argues that separation is optional but preferred. The separator can be one of four things: 'When he saw that Allah had destroyed his wealth, ruined his possessions, and blocked his needs, he fell upon an axe, sharpening its edge—a masculine, cutting tool.'

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Vocabulary · المفردات (29 verbs · 47 nouns)

• وَقَعَ — to occur
• احْتَاجَ — to need
• قَالَ — to say
• خَبَرٌ — news
• جُمْلَةٌ — sentence
• فَاصِلٌ — separator