Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 1 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 35

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَمُعْرَبُ الْأَسْمَاءِ مَا قَدْ سَلِمَا مِنْ شَبَهِ الْحَرْفِ كَأَرْضِ وَسُمَا.

(from previous page) ⟵ Know that it is possible for two or more types of resemblance to a particle to combine in a single indeclinable noun, such as in pronouns; for they possess semantic resemblance, since the meanings of first-person, second-person, and third-person are conveyed by particles; they possess resemblance by dependency, because every pronoun has an inherent need for what explains it; and they possess resemblance by formation, since most pronouns are formed of one or two letters, and whatever exceeds that in its formation is treated accordingly to maintain consistency in the category, a point explicitly stated by Ibn Malik in the text of al-Tashil, and the declinable nouns are those that are free from resemblance to a particle, such as 'ard (earth) and suma (name).

يُرِيدُ أَنَّ الْمُعْرَبَ خِلَافُ الْمَبْنِيِّ، وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ أَنَّ الْمَبْنِيَّ مَا أَشْبَهَ الْحَرْفَ؛ فَالْمُعْرَبُ مَا لَمْ يُشْبِهِ الْحَرْفَ، وَيَنْقَسِمُ إِلَى صَحِيحٍ - وَهُوَ: مَا لَيْسَ آخِرُهُ حَرْفَ عِلَّةٍ كَأَرْضٍ، وَإِلَى مُعْتَلٍّ - وَهُوَ: مَا آخِرُهُ حَرْفُ عِلَّةٍ كَسَمَا - وَسَمَا: لُغَةٌ فِي الِاسْمِ، وَفِيهِ سِتُّ لُغَاتٍ: اسْمٌ - بِضَمِّ الْهَمْزَةِ وَكَسْرِهَا، وَسِيمٌ - بِضَمِّ السِّينِ وَكَسْرِهَا، وَسُمَا - بِضَمِّ السِّينِ وَكَسْرِهَا أَيْضًا.

He means that the declinable is the opposite of the indeclinable (mabni), and it has already preceded that the indeclinable is what resembles a particle; therefore, the declinable is what does not resemble a particle, and it is divided into sound (sahih) - which is: that whose end is not a weak letter, like 'ard, and into defective (mu'tall) - which is: that whose end is a weak letter, like suma - and suma is a dialectal variant for the noun (ism), and there are six dialects for it: ism - with the hamza damma and kasra, sim - with the sin damma and kasra, and suma - with the sin damma and kasra as well.

وَيَنْقَسِمُ الْمُعْرَبُ أَيْضًا إِلَى مُتَمَكِّنٍ أَمْكَنَ - وَهُوَ الْمُنْصَرِفُ - كَزَيْدٍ وَعَمْرٍو، وَإِلَى مُتَمَكِّنٍ غَيْرِ أَمْكَنَ - وَهُوَ غَيْرُ الْمُنْصَرِفِ - نَحْوُ: أَحْمَدَ وَمَسَاجِدَ وَمَصَابِيحَ.

The declinable is also divided into fully established (mutamakkin amkan) - which is the diptote-free (munsarif) - like Zayd and 'Amr, and into partially established (mutamakkin ghayr amkan) - which is the diptote (ghayr al-munsarif) - such as Ahmad, masajid (mosques), and masabih (lamps).

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Vocabulary · المفردات (11 verbs · 76 nouns)

• سَلِمَ — to be safe
• أَرَادَ — to want
• تَقَدَّمَ — to precede
• مُعْرَب — inflected word
• اسْم — noun
• شَبَه — resemblance