Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 1 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 294

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

قَدْ قِيلَ مَا قِيلَ إِنْ صِدْقًا وَإِنْ كَذِبًا فَمَا اعْتِذَارُكَ مِنْ قَوْلٍ إِذَا قِيلَا

Whatever has been said, be it true or false, what excuse can you offer for a statement once it has been spoken?

الْبَيْتُ لِلنُّعْمَانِ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ مَلِكِ الْعَرَبِ فِي الْحِيرَةِ ، مِنْ أَبْيَاتٍ يَقُولُهَا فِي الرَّبِيعِ ابْنِ زِيَادٍ الْعَبْسِيِّ ، وَهُوَ مِنْ شَوَاهِدِ سِيبَوَيْهِ ( ١ / ١٣١ ) وَنُسِبَ فِي الْكِتَابِ لِشَاعِرٍ يَقُولُهُ لِلنُّعْمَانِ ، وَلَمْ يَتَعَرَّضِ الْأَعْلَمُ فِي شَرْحِ شَوَاهِدِهِ إِلَى نِسْبَتِهِ بِشَيْءٍ ، وَالْمَشْهُورُ مَا ذَكَرْنَا أَوَّلًا مِنْ أَنَّ قَائِلَهُ هُوَ النُّعْمَانُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ نَفْسُهُ فِي قِصَّةٍ مَشْهُورَةٍ تُذْكَرُ فِي أَخْبَارِ لَبِيدِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ

This verse is attributed to al-Nu'man ibn al-Mundhir, King of the Arabs in al-Hirah, and comes from a series of verses he addressed to al-Rabi' ibn Ziyad al-'Absi. It appears as a linguistic citation in Sibawayh’s al-Kitab (1/131), where it is credited to a poet speaking to al-Nu'man. Al-A'lam, in his commentary on these citations, does not address the attribution. The prevailing view remains what we stated first: that al-Nu'man ibn al-Mundhir himself is the speaker, as recounted in the well-known stories of Labid ibn Rabi'ah.

الْإِعْرَابُ : قَدْ ، حَرْفُ تَحْقِيقٍ ، قِيلَ ، فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ ، مَا ، اسْمٌ مَوْصُولٌ نَائِبُ فَاعِلٍ ، قِيلَ ، فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ ، وَنَائِبُ الْفَاعِلِ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ جَوَازًا تَقْدِيرُهُ هُوَ يَعُودُ عَلَى مَا ، وَالْجُمْلَةُ لَا مَحَلَّ لَهَا مِنَ الْإِعْرَابِ صِلَةُ الْمَوْصُولِ : إِنْ ، شَرْطِيَّةٌ ، صِدْقًا ، خَبَرٌ لِكَانَ الْمَحْذُوفَةِ مَعَ اسْمِهَا ، وَالتَّقْدِيرُ ، إِنْ كَانَ الْمَقُولُ صِدْقًا ، وَإِنْ كَذِبًا ، مِثْلُ قَوْلِهِ : إِنْ صِدْقًا ، وَكَانَ الْمَحْذُوفَةُ فِي الْمَوْضِعَيْنِ فِعْلُ الشَّرْطِ ، وَجَوَابُ الشَّرْطِ مَحْذُوفٌ فِي الْمَوْضِعَيْنِ لِدَلَالَةِ سَابِقِ الْكَلَامِ عَلَيْهِ ، فَمَا اسْمُ الِاسْتِفْهَامِ مُبْتَدَأٌ ، اعْتِذَارُكَ ، اعْتِذَارٌ : خَبَرُ الْمُبْتَدَأِ وَاعْتِذَارٌ مُضَافٌ وَالْكَافُ ضَمِيرُ الْمُخَاطَبِ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ ، مِنْ قَوْلٍ ، جَارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِاعْتِذَارٍ ، إِذَا ، ظَرْفٌ تَضَمَّنَ مَعْنَى الشَّرْطِ ، قِيلَا ، قِيلَ : فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ ، وَالْأَلِفُ لِلْإِطْلَاقِ ، وَنَائِبُ الْفَاعِلِ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ جَوَازًا تَقْدِيرُهُ هُوَ يَعُودُ إِلَى قَوْلٍ ، وَالْجُمْلَةُ فِي مَحَلِّ جَرٍّ بِإِضَافَةِ إِذَا إِلَيْهَا ، وَجَوَابُ إِذَا ، مَحْذُوفٌ يَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ سَابِقُ الْكَلَامِ ، وَتَقْدِيرُهُ : إِذَا قِيلَ قَوْلٌ فَمَا اعْتِذَارُكَ مِنْهُ

Parsing: 'Qad' is a particle of verification. 'Qila' is a past-tense verb. 'Ma' is a relative pronoun acting as the deputy subject. The deputy subject of 'qila' is an implicitly understood pronoun referring back to 'ma', and the sentence itself has no grammatical function as it serves as the relative clause. 'In' is a conditional particle. 'Sidqan' is the predicate of an omitted 'kana' and its subject; the intended meaning is 'if what is said is true.' The phrase 'wa-in kadhiban' mirrors 'in sidqan'. The omitted 'kana' in both instances functions as the conditional verb, while the apodosis is omitted in both cases because the preceding context makes it clear. 'Fa-ma' is an interrogative noun functioning as the subject. 'I'tidharuka' consists of 'i'tidhar' as the predicate, which is in a genitive construction with the suffix 'kaf' representing the addressee. 'Min qawlin' is a prepositional phrase linked to 'i'tidhar'. 'Idha' is an adverb carrying a conditional sense. In 'qila', the alif is for prosodic extension, and the deputy subject is an implied pronoun referring to 'qawl'. The sentence is in the genitive case due to the addition of 'idha', and the apodosis of 'idha' is omitted, implied by the preceding text: 'If a statement is made, what is your excuse for it?'

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Vocabulary · المفردات (13 verbs · 64 nouns)

• قَالَ — to say
• عَادَ — to return
• كَانَ — to be
• بَيْتٌ — house/verse
• مَلِكٌ — king
• عَرَبٌ — Arabs