Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 1 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 26

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

صَهٍ وَحَيَّهَلْ : اسْمَانِ وَإِنْ دَلَّا عَلَى الْأَمْرِ ؛ لِعَدَمِ قَبُولِهِمَا نُونَ التَّوْكِيدِ ؛ فَلَا تَقُولُ : صَهَنَّ وَلَا حَيَّهَلَنَّ ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ صَهٍ بِمَعْنَى اسْكُتْ ، وَحَيَّهَلْ بِمَعْنَى أَقْبِلْ ؛ فَالْفَارِقُ بَيْنَهُمَا قَبُولُ نُونِ التَّوْكِيدِ وَعَدَمُهُ ، نَحْوَ « اسْكُتَنَّ ، وَأَقْبِلَنَّ » ، وَلَا يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ فِي « صَهٍ ، وَحَيَّهَلْ

"Sahin" (hush) and "Hayyahal" (come) are nouns, even though they indicate a command, because they do not accept the emphatic nun; therefore, you do not say "Sahinna" or "Hayyahalanna," and even though "Sahin" is in the meaning of "be silent" and "Hayyahal" is in the meaning of "come," the difference between them is the acceptance of the emphatic nun and the lack thereof, such as "uskutanna" and "aqbilanna," and that is not permissible in "Sahin" and "Hayyahal."

الْأَمْرُ فِي أَوَّلِ الْبَيْتِ ، وَتَكُونُ جُمْلَةُ جَوَابِ الشَّرْطِ مَحْذُوفَةً دَلَّتْ عَلَيْهَا جُمْلَةُ الْمُبْتَدَأِ وَخَبَرِهِ ، وَالتَّقْدِيرُ عَلَى هَذَا : وَالدَّالُّ عَلَى الْأَمْرِ هُوَ اسْمٌ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ مَحَلٌّ لِلنُّونِ فَهُوَ اسْمٌ ، وَحَذْفُ جَوَابِ الشَّرْطِ عِنْدَ مَا لَا يَكُونُ فِعْلُ الشَّرْطِ مَاضِيًا ضَرُورَةٌ أَيْضًا ، فَالْبَيْتُ لَا يَخْلُو مِنَ الضَّرُورَةِ « نَحْوَ ، خَبَرُ الْمُبْتَدَأِ مَحْذُوفٌ ، وَالتَّقْدِيرُ : وَذَلِكَ نَحْوُ ، وَنَحْوُ مُضَافٌ وَ « صَهٍ » مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ ، وَقَدْ قُصِدَ لَفْظُهُ وَحَيَّهَلْ ، مَعْطُوفٌ عَلَى صَهٍ

The command is at the beginning of the verse, and the conditional response sentence is omitted, indicated by the sentence of the subject and its predicate, and the estimation based on this is: "And that which indicates a command is a noun; if it does not have a place for the nun, then it is a noun," and the omission of the conditional response when the conditional verb is not in the past tense is also a necessity, so the verse is not free from necessity, "nahwa" (such as), the predicate of the subject is omitted, and the estimation is: "And that is such as," and "nahwa" is a genitive construction and "Sahin" is in the genitive case, and its wording is intended, and "Hayyahal" is conjoined to "Sahin."

أَرْبَعُ فَوَائِدَ - الْأُولَى : أَسْمَاءُ الْأَفْعَالِ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةِ أَنْوَاعٍ : النَّوْعُ الْأَوَّلُ : مَا هُوَ وَاجِبُ التَّنْكِيرِ ، وَذَاكَ نَحْوُ وَيْهًا وَوَاهًا ، وَالنَّوْعُ الثَّانِي : مَا هُوَ وَاجِبُ التَّعْرِيفِ وَذَلِكَ نَحْوُ نَزَالِ وَتَرَاكِ وَبَابِهِمَا ، وَالثَّالِثُ : مَا هُوَ جَائِزُ التَّنْكِيرِ وَالتَّعْرِيفِ ، وَذَلِكَ نَحْوُ : صَهٍ وَمَهٍ ، فَمَا نُوِّنَ وُجُوبًا أَوْ جَوَازًا فَهُوَ نَكِرَةٌ ، وَمَا لَمْ يُنَوَّنْ فَهُوَ مَعْرِفَةٌ

Four benefits - The first: Verbal nouns are of three types: The first type: that which is obligatorily indefinite, and that is such as "wayhan" and "wahan"; the second type: that which is obligatorily definite, and that is such as "nazali" and "taraki" and their category; and the third: that which is permissibly indefinite and definite, and that is such as: "Sahin" and "mahin"; so whatever is nunated obligatorily or permissibly is indefinite, and whatever is not nunated is definite.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (27 verbs · 46 nouns)

• دَلَّ — to indicate
• قَبِلَ — to accept
• قَالَ — to say
• اِسْمٌ — noun
• أَمْرٌ — command
• نُونٌ — letter 'nun'