Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 1 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 236

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَهَلِ الْمُعَوَّلُ إِلا عَلَيْكَ، فَقَدَّمَ الْخَبَرَ.

Is there any reliance except upon You? Thus, he placed the predicate first.

الرَّابِعُ: أَنْ يَكُونَ خَبَرًا لِمُبْتَدَإٍ قَدْ دَخَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ لامُ الِابْتِدَاءِ، نَحْوَ: «لَزَيْدٌ قَائِمٌ» وَهُوَ الْمُشَارُ إِلَيْهِ بِقَوْلِهِ: «أَوْ كَانَ مُسْنَدًا لِذِي لامِ ابْتِدَاءٍ» فَلا يَجُوزُ تَقْدِيمُ الْخَبَرِ عَلَى اللامِ.

Fourth: The predicate belongs to a subject preceded by the lam of initiation, as in the phrase 'Indeed, Zayd is standing.' This is what the author refers to when he says, 'Or if it is a predicate for one having a lam of initiation,' which makes it impermissible to place the predicate before that lam.

الإِعْرَابُ: «يَا رَبِّ» يَا: حَرْفُ نِدَاءٍ، رَبِّ: مُنَادًى مَنْصُوبٌ بِفَتْحَةٍ مُقَدَّرَةٍ عَلَى مَا قَبْلَ يَاءِ الْمُتَكَلِّمِ الْمَحْذُوفَةِ اكْتِفَاءً بِكَسْرِ مَا قَبْلَهَا، هَلْ: حَرْفُ اسْتِفْهَامٍ إِنْكَارِيٍّ دَالٍّ عَلَى النَّفْيِ، إِلا: أَدَاةُ اسْتِثْنَاءٍ مُلْغَاةٌ، بِكَ: جَارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِمَحْذُوفٍ خَبَرٍ مُقَدَّمٍ، النَّصْرُ: مُبْتَدَأٌ مُؤَخَّرٌ، يُرْتَجَى: فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ، وَنَائِبُ الْفَاعِلِ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ جَوَازًا تَقْدِيرُهُ هُوَ يَعُودُ عَلَى النَّصْرِ، وَيَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ بِكَ مُتَعَلِّقًا بِقَوْلِهِ يُرْتَجَى، وَجُمْلَةُ يُرْتَجَى مَعَ نَائِبِ فَاعِلِهِ الْمُسْتَتِرِ فِيهِ فِي مَحَلِّ رَفْعٍ خَبَرٌ، عَلَيْهِمْ: جَارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ فِي الْمَعْنَى بِالنَّصْرِ وَلَكِنَّ الصِّنَاعَةَ تَأْبَاهُ؛ لِمَا يَلْزَمُ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْفَصْلِ بَيْنَ الْعَامِلِ وَمَعْمُولِهِ بِأَجْنَبِيٍّ، لِهَذَا يُجْعَلُ مُتَعَلِّقًا بِيُرْتَجَى، وَهَلْ: حَرْفُ اسْتِفْهَامٍ تَضَمَّنَ مَعْنَى النَّفْيِ، إِلا: أَدَاةُ اسْتِثْنَاءٍ مُلْغَاةٌ، عَلَيْكَ: جَارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِمَحْذُوفٍ خَبَرٍ مُقَدَّمٍ، الْمُعَوَّلُ: مُبْتَدَأٌ مُؤَخَّرٌ.

Parsing: 'Ya Rabbi' (O my Lord). 'Ya' is a vocative particle. 'Rabbi' is a noun in the accusative case, with the vowel implied by the presence of the first-person pronoun, which is omitted in favor of the kasra preceding it. 'Hal' is an interrogative particle implying negation. 'Illa' is a nullified exception particle. 'Bika' is a prepositional phrase related to an omitted, fronted predicate. 'An-nasru' is the delayed subject. 'Yurtaja' is a present tense verb with a permissible hidden pronoun as its deputy subject, referring back to 'an-nasr'. It is also possible to relate 'bika' to 'yurtaja', in which case the clause 'yurtaja' and its hidden subject serves as the predicate in the nominative case. 'Alayhim' is a prepositional phrase related in meaning to 'an-nasr', but grammatical convention rejects this because it would separate the operator from its operand with an extraneous element; therefore, it is related to 'yurtaja'. 'Hal' is an interrogative particle conveying negation. 'Illa' is a nullified exception particle. 'Alayka' is a prepositional phrase related to an omitted, fronted predicate. 'Al-mu'awwalu' is the delayed subject.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (24 verbs · 79 nouns)

• عَوَّلَ — to rely
• قَدَّمَ — to advance
• دَخَلَ — to enter
• مُعَوَّل — reliance
• خَبَر — predicate
• مُبْتَدَأ — subject