Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 1 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 206

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

شَرْحُ ابْنِ عَقِيلٍ : الْجُزْءُ الْأَوَّلُ

(from previous page) ⟵ Thus, we have permitted both ways of parsing this expression in Ibn Aqil's Commentary: Part One.

وَهَذَا الْحُكْمُ إِنَّمَا هُوَ لِلْمُشْتَقِّ الْجَارِي مَجْرَى الْفِعْلِ : كَاسْمِ الْفَاعِلِ ، وَاسْمِ الْمَفْعُولِ ، وَالصِّفَةِ الْمُشَبَّهَةِ ، وَاسْمِ التَّفْضِيلِ ، فَأَمَّا مَا لَيْسَ جَارِيًا مَجْرَى الْفِعْلِ مِنَ الْمُشْتَقَّاتِ فَلَا يَتَحَمَّلُ ضَمِيرًا ، وَذَلِكَ كَأَسْمَاءِ الْآلَةِ ، نَحْوَ : « مِفْتَاحٌ » ، فَإِنَّهُ مُشْتَقٌّ مِنَ « الْفَتْحِ » ، وَلَا يَتَحَمَّلُ ضَمِيرًا ، فَإِذَا قُلْتَ : « هَذَا مِفْتَاحٌ » ، لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ ضَمِيرٌ ، وَكَذَلِكَ مَا كَانَ عَلَى صِيغَةِ « مَفْعَل » وَقُصِدَ بِهِ الزَّمَانُ أَوِ الْمَكَانُ كَـ « مَرْمَى » فَإِنَّهُ مُشْتَقٌّ مِنَ « الرَّمْيِ » وَلَا يَتَحَمَّلُ ضَمِيرًا ، فَإِذَا قُلْتَ : « هَذَا مَرْمَى زَيْدٍ » ، تُرِيدُ مَكَانَ رَمْيِهِ أَوْ زَمَانَ رَمْيِهِ كَانَ الْخَبَرُ مُشْتَقًّا وَلَا ضَمِيرَ فِيهِ

This rule applies only to derivatives that function like verbs, such as active participles, passive participles, assimilated adjectives, and superlative nouns. Derivatives that do not function like verbs do not carry a pronoun. This includes instrument nouns like 'miftah' (key), which is derived from 'al-fath' (opening) but carries no pronoun; if you say 'This is a key', there is no pronoun within it. The same applies to nouns in the 'maf'al' pattern used for time or place, such as 'marma' (throwing place), which is derived from 'al-ramy' (throwing) but carries no pronoun. If you say 'This is Zayd's throwing place', intending his place or time of throwing, the predicate is a derivative that contains no pronoun.

وَإِنَّمَا يَتَحَمَّلُ الْمُشْتَقُّ الْجَارِي مَجْرَى الْفِعْلِ الضَّمِيرَ إِذَا لَمْ يَرْفَعْ ظَاهِرًا ، فَإِنْ رَفَعَهُ لَمْ يَتَحَمَّلْ ضَمِيرًا ، وَذَلِكَ نَحْوَ : « زَيْدٌ قَائِمٌ غُلَامَاهُ » ، فَغُلَامَاهُ : مَرْفُوعٌ بِقَائِمٍ ، فَلَا يَتَحَمَّلُ ضَمِيرًا لَهُ

A derivative that functions like a verb only carries a pronoun if it does not govern an explicit noun in the nominative case. If it does govern one, it carries no pronoun, as in the example 'Zayd is one whose two servants are standing' (Zaydun qa'imun ghulamahu). Here, 'ghulamahu' is in the nominative case because of 'qa'im', so the latter carries no pronoun.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (15 verbs · 30 nouns)

• جَرَى — to function as
• تَحَمَّلَ — to bear
• اِشْتَقَّ — to derive
• حُكْمٌ — ruling
• مُشْتَقٌّ — derivative
• مَجْرًى — course