Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 1 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 198

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

يَكُونُ الْوَصْفُ مُبْتَدَأً ، وَمَا بَعْدَهُ فَاعِلٌ سَدَّ مَسَدَّ الْخَبَرِ ، وَالثَّانِي : أَنْ يَكُونَ مَا بَعْدَهُ مُبْتَدَأً مُؤَخَّراً ، وَيَكُونَ الْوَصْفُ خَبَراً مُقَدَّماً ، وَمِنْهُ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى : (أَرَاغِبٌ أَنْتَ عَنْ آلِهَتِي يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ)

The descriptor may be a subject, with what follows acting as a noun that fills the role of the predicate. Alternatively, what follows may be a delayed subject, while the descriptor serves as a fronted predicate. An example of this is the Quranic verse: "Are you turning away from my gods, O Abraham?"

فَيَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ «أَرَاغِبٌ» مُبْتَدَأً ، وَ «أَنْتَ» فَاعِلٌ سَدَّ مَسَدَّ الْخَبَرِ ، وَيَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ «أَنْتَ» مُبْتَدَأً مُؤَخَّراً ، وَ «أَرَاغِبٌ» خَبَراً مُقَدَّماً

It is grammatically permissible for "araghib" to be a subject, with "anta" acting as the noun filling the role of the predicate. Conversely, it is possible for "anta" to be a delayed subject and "araghib" to be a fronted predicate.

وَالْأَوَّلُ - فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ - أَوْلَى ؛ لِأَنَّ قَوْلَهُ : «عَنْ آلِهَتِي» مَعْمُولٌ لِـ «رَاغِبٍ» ؛ فَلَا يَلْزَمُ فِي الْوَجْهِ الْأَوَّلِ الْفَصْلُ بَيْنَ الْعَامِلِ وَالْمَعْمُولِ بِأَجْنَبِيٍّ ؛ لِأَنَّ «أَنْتَ» عَلَى هَذَا التَّقْدِيرِ فَاعِلٌ لِـ «رَاغِبٍ» ؛ فَلَيْسَ بِأَجْنَبِيٍّ مِنْهُ ، وَأَمَّا عَلَى الْوَجْهِ الثَّانِي فَيَلْزَمُ فِيهِ الْفَصْلُ بَيْنَ الْعَامِلِ وَالْمَعْمُولِ بِأَجْنَبِيٍّ ، لِأَنَّ «أَنْتَ» أَجْنَبِيٌّ مِنْ «رَاغِبٍ» عَلَى هَذَا التَّقْدِيرِ ؛ لِأَنَّهُ مُبْتَدَأٌ ؛ فَلَيْسَ لِـ «رَاغِبٍ» عَمَلٌ فِيهِ ، لِأَنَّهُ خَبَرٌ ، وَالْخَبَرُ لَا يَعْمَلُ فِي الْمُبْتَدَإِ عَلَى الصَّحِيحِ

The first interpretation is preferable here because "from my gods" is governed by "raghib." In this first case, there is no problematic separation between the governor and the governed by an extraneous element, as "anta" functions as the noun governed by "raghib" and is therefore not extraneous. The second interpretation, however, necessitates such a separation, as "anta" would be an extraneous element relative to "raghib." Since "anta" would be a subject, "raghib" would have no governance over it, given that a predicate does not govern a subject according to the correct view.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (12 verbs · 40 nouns)

• كَانَ — to be
• سَدَّ — to block
• جَازَ — to be permissible
• وَصْف — active participle
• مُبْتَدَأ — subject
• فَاعِل — doer