Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 1 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 166

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

شَرْحُ ابْنِ عَقِيلٍ : الْجُزْءُ الْأَوَّلُ

(from previous page) ⟵ The Kufans held the view that it is permissible to omit the nominative resumptive pronoun (al-'a'id) in an initial position absolutely—that is, whether the relative pronoun (al-mawsul) is 'ayyun' or otherwise, and whether the relative clause (al-silah) is long or not. The Basrans held the view that it is permissible to omit this resumptive pronoun if the relative pronoun is 'ayyun' absolutely; however, if the relative pronoun is not 'ayyun', they did not permit the omission except on the condition that the relative clause is long. Thus, the disagreement between the two groups is confined to cases where the relative clause is not long and the relative pronoun is not 'ayyun'. As for the Kufans, they provided evidence from auditory tradition (al-sama'); among this is the reading of Yahya ibn Ya'mar: 'tamaman 'ala alladhi ahsanu' (perfection for the one who is best). They said: the underlying structure is 'ala alladhi huwa ahsanu. Among this also is the reading of Malik ibn Dinar and Ibn al-Sammak: 'inna Allaha la yastahi an yadriba mathalan ma ba'udatan fama fawqaha' (Indeed, Allah is not ashamed to present an example—that which is a mosquito or something above it). They said: the underlying structure is 'mathalan alladhi huwa ba'udatun fama fawqaha'. Among this also is the saying of the poet.

وَقَدْ جَوَّزُوا فِي « لَا سِيَّمَا زَيْدٌ » ، إِذَا رُفِعَ زَيْدٌ : أَنْ تَكُونَ « مَا » مَوْصُولَةً

When Zayd is in the nominative case in the phrase 'la siyyama Zaydun', they allow 'ma' to be a relative pronoun.

وَزَيْدٌ : خَبَرًا لِمُبْتَدَأٍ مَحْذُوفٍ ، وَالتَّقْدِيرُ « لَا سِيَّ الَّذِي هُوَ زَيْدٌ » ، فَحُذِفَ الْعَائِدُ الَّذِي هُوَ الْمُبْتَدَأُ – وَهُوَ قَوْلُكَ هُوَ – وُجُوبًا ؛ فَهَذَا مَوْضِعٌ حُذِفَ فِيهِ صَدْرُ الصِّلَةِ مَعَ غَيْرِ ( أَيْ ) وُجُوبًا وَلَمْ تَطُلِ الصِّلَةُ ، وَهُوَ مَقِيسٌ وَلَيْسَ بِشَاذٍّ

Zayd serves as the predicate of an elided subject, with the implied meaning being 'la siyya alladhi huwa Zaydun' (there is no equal to him who is Zayd). The referent—the subject 'huwa' (he)—is obligatorily elided. This is a case where the head of the relative clause is elided alongside something other than 'ay' in an obligatory manner, even though the relative clause is short; this construction is analogical rather than irregular (1).

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Vocabulary · المفردات (19 verbs · 57 nouns)

• جَوَّزَ — to permit
• رَفَعَ — to raise
• كَانَ — to be
• مَوْصُولٌ — relative
• خَبَرٌ — predicate
• مُبْتَدَأٌ — subject