Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 1 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 165

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الْمَوْصُولُ صَدْرُ صِلَتِهَا ؛ فَيَقُولُ : ( يُعْجِبُنِي أَيُّهُمْ قَائِمٌ ، وَرَأَيْتُ أَيَّهُمْ قَائِمٌ ، وَمَرَرْتُ بِأَيِّهِمْ قَائِمٌ ) وَقَدْ قُرِىءَ ( ثُمَّ لَنَنْزِعَنَّ مِنْ كُلِّ شِيعَةٍ أَيُّهُمْ أَشَدُّ ) بِالنَّصْبِ ، وَرُوِيَ ( فَسَلِّمْ عَلَى أَيِّهِمْ أَفْضَلُ ) بِالْجَرِّ

The conjunctive noun acts as the head of its relative clause. One says: 'Yu'jibuni ayyuhum qa'im' (I am pleased by whichever of them is standing), 'Ra'aytu ayyahum qa'im' (I saw whichever of them is standing), and 'Marartu bi-ayyahum qa'im' (I passed by whichever of them is standing). The verse 'Thumma la-nanzi'anna min kulli shi'atin ayyahum ashaddu' (Then We shall surely extract from every sect whichever of them is most intense) has been recited in the accusative, and 'Fa-sallim 'ala ayyihim afdalu' (Then greet whichever of them is best) has been narrated in the genitive.

وَأَشَارَ بِقَوْلِهِ : ( وَفِي ذَا الْحَذْفِ - إِلَى آخِرِهِ ) إِلَى الْمَوَاضِعِ الَّتِي يُحْذَفُ فِيهَا الْعَائِدُ عَلَى الْمَوْصُولِ ، وَهُوَ : إِمَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ مَرْفُوعًا ، أَوْ غَيْرَهُ ؛ فَإِنْ كَانَ مَرْفُوعًا لَمْ يُحْذَفْ ، إِلَّا إِذَا كَانَ مُبْتَدَأً وَخَبَرُهُ مُفْرَدٌ ( نَحْوَ : وَهُوَ الَّذِي فِي السَّمَاءِ إِلَهٌ وَأَيُّهُمْ أَشَدُّ ) ؛ فَلَا تَقُولُ : ( جَاءَنِي اللَّذَانِ قَامَا ) وَلَا ( اللَّذَانِ ضُرِبَا ) ؛ لِرَفْعِ الْأَوَّلِ بِالْفَاعِلِيَّةِ وَالثَّانِي بِالنِّيَابَةِ ، بَلْ يُقَالُ : ( قَامَا ، وَضُرِبَا

By his words, 'And in this, the omission...', he indicates the instances where the pronoun returning to the conjunctive noun may be omitted. This pronoun is either in the nominative or another case. If it is nominative, it cannot be omitted unless it functions as a subject with a single-term predicate, such as in 'Wa-huwa alladhi fi al-sama'i ilahun' (He is the One who is God in the heaven) or 'Ayyuhum ashaddu' (whichever of them is most intense). You cannot say 'Ja'ani alladhani qama' (The two who stood came to me) or 'Alladhani duriba' (The two who were struck), because the first is nominative as an agent and the second as a deputy agent; instead, one says 'Qama' and 'Duriba'.

وَأَمَّا الْمُبْتَدَأُ فَيُحْذَفُ مَعَ ( أَيٍّ ) وَإِنْ لَمْ تَطُلِ الصِّلَةُ ، كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ قَوْلِكَ : ( يُعْجِبُنِي أَيُّهُمْ قَائِمٌ ) وَنَحْوِهِ ، وَلَا يُحْذَفُ صَدْرُ الصِّلَةِ مَعَ غَيْرِ ( أَيٍّ ) إِلَّا إِذَا طَالَتِ الصِّلَةُ ، نَحْوَ : ( جَاءَ الَّذِي هُوَ ضَارِبٌ زَيْدًا ) ، فَيَجُوزُ حَذْفُ ( هُوَ ) فَتَقُولُ ( جَاءَ الَّذِي ضَارِبٌ زَيْدًا ) وَمِنْهُ قَوْلُهُمْ ( مَا أَنَا بِالَّذِي قَائِلٌ لَكَ سُوءًا ) التَّقْدِيرُ ( بِالَّذِي هُوَ قَائِلٌ لَكَ سُوءًا

The subject can be omitted with 'Ay' even if the relative clause is short, as shown in the example 'Yu'jibuni ayyuhum qa'im'. However, the head of the relative clause cannot be omitted with anything other than 'Ay' unless the clause is long. For instance, in 'Ja'a alladhi huwa daribun Zaydan' (The one who is striking Zayd came), it is permissible to omit 'huwa', resulting in 'Ja'a alladhi daribun Zaydan'. Similarly, in the phrase 'Ma ana bi-alladhi qa'ilun laka su'an' (I am not the one who is saying evil to you), the implied structure is 'bi-alladhi huwa qa'ilun laka su'an'.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (21 verbs · 37 nouns)

• قَالَ — to say
• أَعْجَبَ — to please
• رَأَى — to see
• مَوْصُولٌ — relative
• صَدْرٌ — beginning
• صِلَةٌ — connection