Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 1 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 12

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَهُوَ بِسَبْقٍ حَائِزٌ تَفْضِيلاً مُسْتَوْجِبٌ ثَنَائِيَ الْجَمِيلا

And he, by precedence, is a possessor of preference, deserving of my beautiful praise.

وَاللَّهُ يَقْضِي بِهِبَاتٍ وَافِرَةٍ لِي وَلَهُ فِي دَرَجَاتِ الْآخِرَةِ

May Allah grant abundant gifts to me and to him in the ranks of the Hereafter.

الْمُسْتَتِرُ فِي تَقْتَضِي ، وَفَاعِلُ فَائِقَةٌ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ جَوَازاً تَقْدِيرُهُ هِيَ

The hidden [pronoun] in 'taqtadi', and the doer of 'fa'iqa' is a hidden pronoun in it permissibly, estimated as 'she'.

أَلْفِيَّةَ » مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ لِاسْمِ الْفَاعِلِ ، الَّذِي هُوَ فَائِقَةٌ وَأَلْفِيَّةَ مُضَافٌ وَ « ابْنِ » مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ

'Alfiyya' is an object for the active participle, which is 'fa'iqa', and 'Alfiyya' is a genitive, and 'Ibn' is a genitive to it.

وَابْنِ مُضَافٌ وَ « مُعْطٍ » مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ

And 'Ibn' is a genitive, and 'Mu'tin' is a genitive to it.

وَجُمْلَةُ « تَقْتَضِي » مَعَ فَاعِلِهِ وَمَا تَعَلَّقَ بِهِ مِنَ الْمَعْمُولَاتِ فِي مَحَلِّ جَرٍّ عَطْفٌ عَلَى الْجُمْلَةِ الْوَاقِعَةِ نَعْتاً لِأَلْفِيَّةٍ أَيْضاً

And the sentence 'taqtadi', with its doer and what relates to it of the governed words, is in the place of a genitive, a conjunction to the sentence occurring as an adjective for 'Alfiyya' also.

وَهُوَ » ، الْوَاوُ لِلِاسْتِئْنَافِ ، وَهُوَ : ضَمِيرٌ مُنْفَصِلٌ مُبْتَدَأٌ

And 'wa-huwa', the waw is for resumption, and 'huwa' is a separate pronoun, a subject.

بِسَبْقٍ ، جَارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِحَائِزٍ الْآتِي بَعْدُ ، وَالْبَاءُ لِلسَّبَبِيَّةِ

'bi-sabqin', a preposition and genitive noun related to 'ha'iz' which comes after, and the ba is for causality.

حَائِزٌ ، خَبَرُ الْمُبْتَدَأِ : تَفْضِيلاً ، مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ لِحَائِزٍ ، وَفَاعِلُهُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ

'ha'iz' is the predicate of the subject: 'tafdilan' is an object for 'ha'iz', and its doer is a hidden pronoun in it.

وَمُسْتَوْجِبٌ ، خَبَرٌ ثَانٍ لِهُوَ ، وَفَاعِلُهُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ

And 'mustawjib' is a second predicate for 'huwa', and its doer is a hidden pronoun in it.

ثَنَائِيَ » ، ثَنَاءُ : مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ لِمُسْتَوْجِبٍ ، وَثَنَاءُ مُضَافٌ وَيَاءُ الْمُتَكَلِّمِ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ

'thana'iya', 'thana'u' is an object for 'mustawjib', and 'thana'u' is a genitive and the speaker's ya is a genitive to it.

الْجَمِيلا » ، نَعْتٌ لِثَنَاءٍ وَالْأَلِفُ لِلْإِطْلَاقِ

'al-jamila', an adjective for 'thana'u' and the alif is for absolute [rhyme].

وَاللهُ ، الْوَاوُ لِلِاسْتِئْنَافِ ، وَلَفْظُ الْجَلَالَةِ مُبْتَدَأٌ

And 'wa-Allahu', the waw is for resumption, and the word of majesty is a subject.

يَقْضِي ، فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ مَرْفُوعٌ بِضَمَّةٍ مُقَدَّرَةٍ عَلَى الْيَاءِ ، وَفَاعِلُهُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ جَوَازاً تَقْدِيرُهُ هُوَ يَعُودُ إِلَى اللهِ

'yaqdi' is a present tense verb raised by a damma estimated on the ya, and its doer is a hidden pronoun in it permissibly, estimated as 'he' returning to Allah.

وَالْجُمْلَةُ مِنَ الْفِعْلِ الَّذِي هُوَ يَقْضِي وَفَاعِلِهِ فِي مَحَلِّ رَفْعٍ خَبَرُ الْمُبْتَدَأِ

And the sentence of the verb which is 'yaqdi' and its doer is in the place of a nominative, the predicate of the subject.

وَبِهِبَاتٍ ، جَارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِيَقْضِي ، وَافِرَةٌ ، نَعْتٌ لِهِبَاتٍ

And 'bi-hibatin', a preposition and genitive noun related to 'yaqdi', 'wafiratun' is an adjective for 'hibatin'.

لِي ، وَلَهُ ، فِي دَرَجَاتِ ، كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُنَّ جَارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ وَكُلُّهُنَّ مُتَعَلِّقَاتٌ بِيَقْضِي

For me, and for him, in degrees, each one of them is a preposition and genitive noun, and all of them are related to 'yaqdi'.

وَدَرَجَاتِ مُضَافٌ وَ « الْآخِرَةِ » ، مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ مَجْرُورٌ وَعَلَامَةُ جَرِّهِ الْكَسْرَةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ ، وَسَكَّنَهُ لِأَجْلِ الْوَقْفِ

And 'darajatun' is a genitive and 'al-akhira' is a genitive to it, genitive and the sign of its genitive is the apparent kasra, and he made it silent for the sake of the pause.

وَكَانَ مِنْ حَقِّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَعُمَّهُمْ بِالدُّعَاءِ ، لِيَكُونَ ذَلِكَ أَقْرَبَ إِلَى الْإِجَابَةِ

And it was of the right of the Muslims upon him that he should cover them with supplication, so that that would be closer to the answer.

تَنْبِيهٌ : ابْنُ مُعْطٍ هُوَ الشَّيْخُ زَيْنُ الدِّينِ ، أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ ، يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُعْطِي بْنِ عَبْدِ النُّورِ الزَّوَاوِيُّ

Alert: Ibn Mu'ti is the Sheikh Zain al-Din, Abu al-Hussein, Yahya ibn Abd al-Mu'ti ibn Abd al-Nur al-Zawawi.

نِسْبَةً إِلَى زَوَاوَةَ ، وَهِيَ قَبِيلَةٌ كَبِيرَةٌ كَانَتْ تَسْكُنُ بِظَاهِرِ بِجَايَةَ مِنْ أَعْمَالِ إِفْرِيقِيَا الشَّمَالِيَّةِ - الْفَقِيهُ الْحَنَفِيُّ

Attributed to Zawawa, and it is a large tribe that used to dwell on the outskirts of Bejaia from the works of North Africa - the Hanafi jurist.

وُلِدَ فِي سَنَةِ ٥٦٤ ، وَأَقْرَأَ الْعَرَبِيَّةَ مُدَّةً بِمِصْرَ وَدِمَشْقَ

He was born in the year 564, and he taught Arabic for a period in Egypt and Damascus.

وَرَوَى عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَسَاكِرَ وَغَيْرِهِ ، وَهُوَ أَجَلُّ تَلَامِذَةِ الْجَزُولِيِّ

And he narrated from al-Qasim ibn Asakir and others, and he is the most noble of the students of al-Jazuli.

وَكَانَ مِنَ الْمُنْفَرِدِينَ بِعِلْمِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ ، وَهُوَ صَاحِبُ الْأَلْفِيَّةِ الْمَشْهُورَةِ وَغَيْرِهَا مِنَ الْكُتُبِ الْمُمْتِعَةِ

And he was among the unique ones in the science of Arabic, and he is the author of the famous Alfiyya and others of the enjoyable books.

وَقَدْ طُبِعَتْ أَلْفِيَّتُهُ فِي أُورُبَّا ، وَلِلْعُلَمَاءِ عَلَيْهَا عِدَّةُ شُرُوحٍ

And his Alfiyya has been printed in Europe, and for the scholars upon it are several explanations.

وَتُوُفِّيَ فِي شَهْرِ ذِي الْقِعْدَةِ مِنْ سَنَةِ ٦٢٨ بِمِصْرَ

And he died in the month of Dhu al-Qa'dah of the year 628 in Egypt.

وَقَبْرُهُ قَرِيبٌ مِنْ تُرْبَةِ الْإِمَامِ الشَّافِعِيِّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمْ جَمِيعاً

And his grave is near the tomb of Imam al-Shafi'i, may Allah be pleased with them all.

Vocabulary · المفردات (14 verbs · 99 nouns)

• حَازَ — to possess
• اِقْتَضَى — to require
• تَعَلَّقَ — to relate
• قَضَى — to decree
• عَادَ — to return
• سَكَّنَ — to make silent
• كَانَ — to be
• عَمَّ — to cover
• وَلَدَ — to beget
• أَقْرَأَ — to teach reading
• رَوَى — to narrate
• طَبَعَ — to print
• تُوُفِّيَ — to die
• رَضِيَ — to be pleased
• سَبْق — precedence
• تَفْضِيل — preference
• ثَنَاء — praise
• جَمِيل — beauty
• هِبَة — gift
• وَافِر — abundant
• دَرَجَة — degree
• آخِرَة — afterlife
• مُسْتَتِر — hidden
• فَاعِل — doer
• فَائِق — surpassing
• ضَمِير — pronoun
• جَوَاز — permissibility
• تَقْدِير — estimation
• أَلْفِيَّة — millennium poem
• مَفْعُول — object
• اِسْم — noun
• مُضَاف — genitive
• ابْن — son
• مُعْطٍ — giver
• جُمْلَة — sentence
• مَعْمُول — governed word
• مَحَلّ — place
• جَرّ — genitive case
• عَطْف — conjunction
• وَاقِع — occurring
• نَعْت — adjective
• وَاو — letter waw
• اِسْتِئْنَاف — resumption
• مُنْفَصِل — separate
• مُبْتَدَأ — subject
• جَار — preposition
• مَجْرُور — genitive
• آتٍ — coming
• بَعْد — after
• بَاء — ba letter
• سَبَبِيَّة — causality
• خَبَر — predicate
• يَاء — ya letter
• مُتَكَلِّم — speaker
• إِطْلَاق — absolute
• لَفْظ — utterance
• جَلَالَة — majesty
• فِعْل — verb
• مُضَارِع — present tense
• مَرْفُوع — nominative
• ضَمَّة — damma vowel
• مُقَدَّر — estimated
• عَوْد — return
• رَفْع — nominative case
• عَلَامَة — sign
• كَسْرَة — Kasra
• ظَاهِر — apparent
• أَجْل — sake
• وَقْف — pause
• حَقّ — right
• مُسْلِم — Muslim
• دُعَاء — supplication
• أَقْرَب — closer
• إِجَابَة — answer
• تَنْبِيه — alert
• شَيْخ — sheikh
• زَيْن — adornment
• دِين — religion
• أَب — father
• حُسَيْن — Hussein
• عَبْد — servant
• نُور — light
• زَوَاوِيّ — Zawawi
• نِسْبَة — attribution
• قَبِيلَة — tribe
• كَبِير — large
• عَمَل — work
• شَمَالِيّ — northern
• فَقِيه — jurist
• حَنَفِيّ — Hanafi
• سَنَة — year
• عَرَبِيَّة — Arabic language
• مُدَّة — period
• غَيْر — other
• تِلْمِيذ — student
• جَزُولِيّ — Jazuli
• مُنْفَرِد — unique
• عِلْم — knowledge
• صَاحِب — owner
• مَشْهُور — famous
• كِتَاب — book
• مُمْتِع — enjoyable
• عَالِم — scholar
• عِدَّة — number
• شَرْح — explanation
• شَهْر — month
• قَعْدَة — sitting
• قَبْر — grave
• قَرِيب — near
• تُرْبَة — tomb
• إِمَام — imam
• شَافِعِيّ — Shafi'i
• جَمِيع — all