Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 1 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 11

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

خُطْبَةُ النَّاظِمِ وَإِعْرَابُهَا

The author's introduction and its grammatical analysis.

الْفَوَائِدُ

The benefits.

الْمُرَا

The intention.

وَأَسْتَعِينُ اللَّهَ فِي أَلْفِيَّةِ مَقَاصِدِ النَّحْوِ بِهَا مَحْوِيَةً

I seek Allah's help in this thousand-verse poem, which contains the objectives of grammar.

تُقَرِّبُ الْأَقْصَى بِلَفْظٍ مُوجَزٍ وَتَبْسُطُ الْبَذْلَ بِوَعْدٍ مُنْجَزٍ

It brings the distant concepts near with concise wording, and expands upon the subject with a fulfilled promise.

وَتَقْتَضِي رِضًا بِغَيْرِ سَخَطٍ فَائِقَةً أَلْفِيَّةَ ابْنِ مُعْطِ

It seeks approval without resentment, surpassing the thousand-verse poem of Ibn Mu'ti.

يَه

Yuh.

ابْنُ مُعْطٍ

Ibn Mu'ti.

الْقَصْدُ

The intent.

رَحِمَهُ

May Allah have mercy on him.

الْكَسْرِ فِي مَحَلِّ جَرِّ الْمُسْتَكْمِلِينَ، نَعْتٌ لِآلٍ، مَجْرُورٌ بِالْيَاءِ الْمَكْسُورِ مَا قَبْلَهَا الْمَفْتُوحِ

The kasra is in the genitive position for al-mustakmilin, acting as an adjective for ali (family), governed by the ya, with the preceding letter kasra and the following letter fatha.

الْقَدْرُ

The value.

الْبَعْضُ

The part.

مَا بَعْدَهَا، لِأَنَّهُ جَمْعُ مُذَكَّرٍ سَالِمٌ، وَفِيهِ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ هُوَ فَاعِلُهُ «الشُّرَفَا» بِفَتْحِ الشِّينِ - مَفْعُولُ الْمِثْلِ

What follows it, as it is a sound masculine plural containing a hidden pronoun acting as its subject; al-shurafa, with a fatha on the shin, is the object of the like.

بِهِ لِلْمُسْتَكْمِلِينَ، مَنْصُوبٌ بِالْفَتْحَةِ الظَّاهِرَةِ، وَالْأَلِفُ لِلْإِطْلَاقِ، أَوْ بِضَمِّ الشِّينِ نَعْتٌ ثَانٍ لِلْآلِ

For al-mustakmilin, it is in the accusative case with an apparent fatha, the alif serving for absolute usage, or if read with a damma on the shin, it acts as a second adjective for ali.

مَجْرُورٌ بِكَسْرَةٍ مُقَدَّرَةٍ عَلَى الْأَلِفِ، إِذْ هُوَ مَقْصُورٌ مِنَ الْمَمْدُودِ - وَأَصْلُهُ «الشُّرَفَاءُ» جَمْعُ

It is in the genitive case with a kasra implied on the alif, as it is a shortened form of the extended noun; its origin is al-shurafa'u, the plural of

شَرِيفٍ كَكُرَمَاءَ وَظُرَفَاءَ وَعُلَمَاءَ وَبُخَلَاءَ وَنُجَبَاءَ فِي جَمْعِ كَرِيمٍ وَظَرِيفٍ وَعَلِيمٍ وَبَخِيلٍ وَنَجِيبٍ

Sharif, similar to kurama, zurafa, ulama, bukhala, and nujaba, which are the plurals of karim, zarif, alim, bakhil, and najib.

وَعَلَى هَذَا الْوَجْهِ يَكُونُ مَفْعُولُ قَوْلِهِ الْمُسْتَكْمِلِينَ مَحْذُوفًا، وَكَأَنَّهُ قَدْ قَالَ: مُصَلِّيًا عَلَى الرَّسُولِ

In this interpretation, the object of his phrase al-mustakmilin is omitted, as if he had said: praying upon the Messenger.

الْمُصْطَفَى وَعَلَى آلِهِ الْمُسْتَكْمِلِينَ أَنْوَاعَ الْفَضَائِلِ الشُّرَفَاءِ.

The Chosen One, and upon his family who perfect all types of virtues, the noble ones.

«وَأَسْتَعِينُ»، الْوَاوُ حَرْفُ عَطْفٍ، أَسْتَعِينُ: فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ، وَفَاعِلُهُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ

(1) Wa-asta'inu: the waw is a conjunction, and asta'inu is a present tense verb with a hidden subject pronoun.

وُجُوبًا تَقْدِيرُهُ أَنَا «اللَّهَ»، مَنْصُوبٌ عَلَى التَّعْظِيمِ، وَجُمْلَةُ الْفِعْلِ وَفَاعِلِهِ وَمَا تَعَلَّقَ بِهِ مِنْ

It is obligatorily estimated as I. Allah is in the accusative case out of reverence, and the verbal sentence along with its subject and attachments

الْمَعْمُولَاتِ فِي مَحَلِّ نَصْبٍ مَعْطُوفَةٌ عَلَى الْجُمْلَةِ السَّابِقَةِ الْوَاقِعَةِ مَفْعُولًا بِهِ لِقَالَ «فِي أَلْفِيَّةٍ»، جَارٌّ

Is in the accusative position, conjoined to the previous sentence that served as the object of qala. Fi alfiyya is a prepositional phrase.

وَمَجْرُورٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِأَسْتَعِينُ وَ«مَقَاصِدُ» مُبْتَدَأٌ، وَمَقَاصِدُ مُضَافٌ وَ«النَّحْوِ» مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ

It is attached to asta'inu, while maqasid is the subject, and al-nahw is the genitive possessor.

«بِهَا»، جَارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِمَحْذُوفٍ، مَحْذُوفٌ، خَبَرُ الْمُبْتَدَأِ، وَجُمْلَةُ الْمُبْتَدَأِ وَخَبَرِهِ فِي مَحَلِّ جَرِّ

Biha is a prepositional phrase attached to an omitted element, which serves as the predicate of the subject, and the nominal sentence is in the genitive position.

نَعْتٌ أَوَّلٌ لِأَلْفِيَّةٍ.

It is the first adjective for alfiyya.

«تُقَرِّبُ»، فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ، وَفَاعِلُهُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ جَوَازًا تَقْدِيرُهُ هِيَ يَعُودُ إِلَى أَلْفِيَّةٍ

(2) Tuqarribu is a present tense verb, its subject a hidden pronoun permissibly referring back to alfiyya.

«الْأَقْصَى» مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ لِتُقَرِّبُ، «بِلَفْظٍ»، جَارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِتُقَرِّبُ «مُوجَزٍ»

Al-aqsa is the object of tuqarribu, and bi-lafzin is a prepositional phrase attached to tuqarribu, with mujazin

نَعْتٌ لِلَفْظٍ

Acting as an adjective for lafzin.

وَتَبْسُطُ، الْوَاوُ حَرْفُ عَطْفٍ، تَبْسُطُ: فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ، وَفَاعِلُهُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ جَوَازًا

Tabsutu: the waw is a conjunction, and tabsutu is a present tense verb with a hidden subject pronoun.

تَقْدِيرُهُ هِيَ يَعُودُ إِلَى أَلْفِيَّةٍ أَيْضًا «الْبَذْلَ»، مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ لِتَبْسُطُ وَ«بِوَعْدٍ»، جَارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ

It is permissibly estimated as it, referring back to alfiyya. Al-badhla is the object of tabsutu, and bi-wa'din is a prepositional phrase attached to

بِتَبْسُطُ «مُنْجِزٍ»، نَعْتٌ لِوَعْدٍ، وَجُمْلَتَا الْفِعْلَيْنِ الْمُضَارِعَيْنِ اللَّذَيْنِ هُمَا «تُقَرِّبُ» وَ«تَبْسُطُ»

Tabsutu. Munjizin is an adjective for wa'din, and the two verbal sentences, tuqarribu and tabsutu,

فَاعِلَيْهِمَا الضَّمِيرَيْنِ الْمُسْتَتِرَيْنِ. وَمَا يَتَعَلَّقُ بِكُلٍّ مِنْهُمَا فِي مَحَلِّ جَرِّ عَطْفٌ عَلَى الْجُمْلَةِ الْوَاقِعَةِ

Have hidden pronouns as their subjects. What is attached to each is in the genitive position, conjoined to the sentence acting as

نَعْتًا لِأَلْفِيَّةٍ، وَالْجُمْلَتَانِ نَعْتَانِ ثَانٍ وَثَالِثٌ لِأَلْفِيَّةٍ

An adjective for alfiyya, making the two sentences the second and third adjectives for it.

«وَتَقْتَفِي»، الْوَاوُ حَرْفُ عَطْفٍ، تَقْتَفِي: فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ، وَفَاعِلُهُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ

(3) Wa-taqtafi: the waw is a conjunction, and taqtafi is a present tense verb with a hidden subject pronoun.

جَوَازًا تَقْدِيرُهُ هِيَ يَعُودُ إِلَى أَلْفِيَّةٍ، «رِضًا»، مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ لِتَقْتَفِي «بِغَيْرِ»، جَارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ

Permissibly estimated as it, referring back to alfiyya. Ridan is the object of taqtafi, and bi-ghayri is a prepositional phrase attached to

بِمَحْذُوفٍ نَعْتٌ لِرِضًا، وَغَيْرُ مُضَافٌ وَ«سُخْطٍ»، مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ، فَائِقَةٌ، حَالٌ مِنَ الضَّمِيرِ

An omitted element, acting as an adjective for ridan. Ghayru is a possessor, and sukhtin is the genitive possessor, while fa'iqatun describes the state of the pronoun.

Vocabulary · المفردات (20 verbs · 76 nouns)

• اِسْتَعَانَ — to seek help
• قَرَّبَ — to bring near
• بَسَطَ — to offer
• أَنْجَزَ — to fulfill
• اِقْتَفَى — to follow
• فَاقَ — to excel
• جَرَّ — to pull
• كَسَرَ — to break
• فَتَحَ — to open
• سَلِمَ — to be safe
• سَتَرَ — to hide
• قَصُرَ — to shorten
• مَدَّ — to extend
• صَلَّى — to pray
• اِصْطَفَى — to choose
• عَطَفَ — to connect
• تَعَلَّقَ — to relate
• عَادَ — to return
• حَذَفَ — to omit
• وَقَعَ — to fall
• خُطْبَة — sermon
• نَاظِم — poet
• إِعْرَاب — grammatical analysis
• فَائِدَة — benefit
• أَلْفِيَّة — thousand-line poem
• مَقْصِد — purpose
• نَحْو — grammar
• لَفْظ — wording
• مُوجَز — concise
• بَذْل — giving
• وَعْد — promise
• مُنْجِز — fulfilled
• رِضًا — satisfaction
• غَيْر — other than
• سُخْط — displeasure
• فَائِق — surpassing
• ابْن — son
• كَسْر — break
• مَحَلّ — place
• جَرّ — genitive case
• مُسْتَكْمِل — completer
• نَعْت — adjective
• آل — family
• يَاء — ya letter
• مَكْسُور — broken
• مَفْتُوح — open
• جَمْع — plural
• مُذَكَّر — masculine
• سَالِم — sound
• ضَمِير — pronoun
• مُسْتَتِر — hidden
• فَاعِل — doer
• شَرَف — honor
• شِين — letter sheen
• مَفْعُول — object
• فَتْحَة — fatha
• ظَاهِر — apparent
• أَلِف — alif
• إِطْلَاق — release
• ضَمّ — damma
• كَسْرَة — kasra
• مُقَدَّر — estimated
• مَقْصُور — shortened
• مَمْدُود — extended
• أَصْل — origin
• شَرِيف — noble
• كَرِيم — generous
• ظَرِيف — witty
• عَلِيم — knowledgeable
• بَخِيل — stingy
• نَجِيب — noble
• وَجْه — aspect
• قَوْل — saying
• مَحْذُوف — omitted
• رَسُول — messenger
• مُصْطَفَى — chosen
• أَنْوَاع — types
• فَضِيلَة — virtue
• حَرْف — letter
• عَطْف — conjunction
• فِعْل — verb
• مُضَارِع — present tense
• وُجُوب — necessity
• تَقْدِير — estimation
• أَنَا — I
• تَعْظِيم — veneration
• جُمْلَة — sentence
• مَعْمُول — governed word
• نَصْب — accusative
• سَابِق — previous
• وَاقِع — occurring
• مُبْتَدَأ — subject
• مُضَاف — genitive construct
• خَبَر — predicate
• جَوَاز — permissibility
• حَال — state