Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 1 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 10

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ.

In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

مَالِكٍ قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ هُوَ ابْنُ مَالِكٍ: أَحْمَدُ رَبِّيَ اللَّهَ خَيْرَ مَالِكِ

Muhammad, son of Malik, says: I praise my Lord, Allah, the best of Owners.

مُصَلِّياً عَلَى النَّبِيِّ الْمُصْطَفَى وَآلِهِ الْمُسْتَكْمِلِينَ الشَّرَفَا.

Invoking blessings upon the chosen Prophet and his family, who have attained perfection in honor.

الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ وَحْدَهُ، وَصَلَاتُهُ وَسَلَامُهُ عَلَى مَنْ لَا نَبِيَّ بَعْدَهُ.

Praise be to Allah alone, and may His blessings and peace be upon him after whom there is no prophet.

قَالَ: فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ.

Qala (said): A past tense verb.

مُحَمَّدٌ: فَاعِلٌ.

Muhammad: The subject (fa'il).

هُوَ: مُبْتَدَأٌ.

Huwa (he): An initial subject (mubtada').

ابْنٌ: خَبَرُ الْمُبْتَدَأِ.

Ibn (son): The predicate (khabar) of the initial subject.

مَالِكٌ: مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ.

Malik: A genitive construction (mudaf ilayhi).

وَكَانَ حَقُّ ابْنٍ أَنْ يَكُونَ نَعْتاً لِمُحَمَّدٍ، وَلَكِنَّهُ قَطَعَهُ عَنْهُ، وَجَعَلَهُ خَبَراً لِضَمِيرِهِ، وَالْأَصْلُ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ إِنَّمَا يَجُوزُ إِذَا كَانَ الْمَنْعُوتُ مَعْلُوماً بِدُونِ النَّعْتِ حَقِيقَةً أَوْ ادِّعَاءً، كَمَا أَنَّ الْأَصْلَ أَنَّهُ إِذَا قُطِعَ النَّعْتُ عَنْ إِتْبَاعِهِ الْمَنْعُوتَ فِي إِعْرَابِهِ يُنْظَرُ فِي الدَّاعِي إِلَيْهِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ النَّعْتُ لِمَدْحٍ أَوْ ذَمٍّ وَجَبَ حَذْفُ الْعَامِلِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ لِغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ جَازَ حَذْفُ الْعَامِلِ وَذِكْرُهُ، وَالْجُمْلَةُ هُنَا - وَهِيَ قَوْلُهُ هُوَ ابْنُ مَالِكٍ - لَيْسَتْ لِلْمَدْحِ وَلَا لِلذَّمِّ، بَلْ هِيَ لِلْبَيَانِ، فَيَجُوزُ ذِكْرُ الْعَامِلِ وَهُوَ الْمُبْتَدَأُ، وَإِذَا فَلَا غُبَارَ عَلَى عِبَارَةِ النَّاظِمِ حَيْثُ ذَكَرَ الْعَامِلَ وَهُوَ الْمُبْتَدَأُ، وَالْجُمْلَةُ مِنَ الْمُبْتَدَأِ وَالْخَبَرِ لَا مَحَلَّ لَهَا مِنَ الْإِعْرَابِ مُعْتَرِضَةٌ بَيْنَ الْقَوْلِ وَمَقُولِهِ.

The proper place for 'ibn' (son) would have been as an adjective (na't) for Muhammad, but he severed it from it and made it a predicate for his pronoun. The principle is that this is only permissible if the described noun is known without the adjective, either in reality or by claim. Likewise, the principle is that if an adjective is severed from following the described noun in its inflection, one looks at the motive for it. If the adjective is for praise or dispraise, the governing agent must be omitted; if it is for something else, it is permissible to omit or mention the governing agent. The sentence here—which is his saying 'huwa ibn Malik'—is not for praise or dispraise, but rather for clarification, so it is permissible to mention the governing agent, which is the initial subject. Thus, there is no fault in the phrasing of the poet, as he mentioned the governing agent, which is the initial subject, and the sentence consisting of the initial subject and the predicate has no place in inflection, being parenthetical between the verb 'said' and its object.

أَحْمَدُ: فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ، وَفَاعِلُهُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ فِيهِ وُجُوباً تَقْدِيرُهُ أَنَا.

Ahmadu (I praise): A present tense verb, and its subject is a pronoun hidden within it obligatorily, estimated as 'I'.

رَبِّي: رَبٌّ مَنْصُوبٌ عَلَى التَّعْظِيمِ، وَعَلَامَةُ نَصْبِهِ فَتْحَةٌ مُقَدَّرَةٌ عَلَى مَا قَبْلَ يَاءِ الْمُتَكَلِّمِ مَنَعَ مِنْ ظُهُورِهَا اشْتِغَالُ آخِرِ الْكَلِمَةِ بِحَرَكَةِ الْمُنَاسَبَةِ، وَرَبٌّ مُضَافٌ وَيَاءُ الْمُتَكَلِّمِ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُونِ فِي مَحَلِّ جَرٍّ.

Rabbi (my Lord): 'Rabb' is in the accusative case for glorification, and the sign of its accusative is a vowel estimated on what is before the first-person pronoun, prevented from appearing by the occupation of the end of the word with the vowel of suitability. 'Rabb' is a genitive construction, and the first-person pronoun is a genitive construction, built on silence in the place of a genitive.

اللَّهُ: عَطْفُ بَيَانٍ لِرَبٍّ، أَوْ بَدَلٌ مِنْهُ، مَنْصُوبٌ بِالْفَتْحَةِ الظَّاهِرَةِ.

Allah: An explanatory appositive (atf bayan) for 'Rabb', or a substitute (badal) for it, in the accusative case with the visible fatha.

خَيْرٌ: مَنْصُوبٌ بِعَامِلٍ مَحْذُوفٍ وُجُوباً تَقْدِيرُهُ أَمْدَحُ، وَقِيلَ: حَالٌ لَازِمَةٌ، وَخَيْرٌ مُضَافٌ وَمَالِكٌ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ، وَالْجُمْلَةُ مِنْ أَحْمَدَ وَفَاعِلِهِ وَمَا تَعَلَّقَ بِهِ مِنَ الْمَعْمُولَاتِ فِي مَحَلِّ نَصْبٍ مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ لِقَالَ، وَيُقَالُ لَهَا: مَقُولُ الْقَوْلِ.

Khayra (best): In the accusative case by an obligatorily omitted governing agent estimated as 'I praise'. It is also said: it is a necessary state (hal), and 'khayra' is a genitive construction and 'Malik' is a genitive construction. The sentence consisting of 'Ahmadu', its subject, and what is attached to it of governed elements is in the place of an accusative as the object of 'qala' (said), and it is called: the object of the saying.

مُصَلِّياً: حَالٌ مُقَدَّرَةٌ، وَمَعْنَى كَوْنِهَا مُقَدَّرَةً أَنَّهَا تَحْدُثُ فِيمَا بَعْدُ، وَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يُصَلَّى عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ فِي وَقْتِ حَمْدِهِ اللَّهَ، وَإِنَّمَا تَقَعُ مِنْهُ الصَّلَاةُ بَعْدَ الِانْتِهَاءِ مِنَ الْحَمْدِ، وَصَاحِبُهَا الضَّمِيرُ الْمُسْتَتِرُ وُجُوباً فِي أَحْمَدَ.

Musalliyan (invoking blessings): A future-oriented state (hal muqaddara). The meaning of it being future-oriented is that it occurs afterwards. This is because one does not invoke blessings upon the Prophet—may the blessings of Allah be upon him—at the time of his praising Allah; rather, the invocation of blessings occurs from him after finishing the praise. Its owner is the pronoun hidden obligatorily in 'Ahmadu'.

عَلَى النَّبِيِّ: جَارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِالْحَالِ.

Ala al-nabi (upon the Prophet): A preposition and its object, related to the state.

الْمُصْطَفَى: نَعْتُ النَّبِيِّ، وَهُوَ مَجْرُورٌ بِكَسْرَةٍ مُقَدَّرَةٍ عَلَى الْأَلِفِ مَنَعَ مِنْ ظُهُورِهَا التَّعَذُّرُ.

Al-Mustafa (the chosen): An adjective for the Prophet, and it is in the genitive case with a kasra estimated on the alif, prevented from appearing by impossibility.

وَآلِهِ: الْوَاوُ عَاطِفَةٌ، آلٌ: مَعْطُوفٌ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ، وَآلٌ مُضَافٌ، وَالْهَاءُ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ، مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُونِ.

Wa-alihi (and his family): The 'wa' is a conjunction, 'ali' is conjoined to 'al-nabi', 'ali' is a genitive construction, and the 'ha' is a genitive construction, built on silence.

Vocabulary · المفردات (15 verbs · 87 nouns)

• قَالَ — to say
• حَمِدَ — to praise
• صَلَّى — to invoke blessings
• اِسْتَكْمَلَ — to complete
• كَانَ — to be
• قَطَعَ — to cut
• جَعَلَ — to make
• جَازَ — to be permissible
• نَظَرَ — to look
• وَجَبَ — to be necessary
• ذَكَرَ — to mention
• تَعَلَّقَ — to relate
• حَدَثَ — to happen
• وَقَعَ — to fall
• انْتَهَى — to finish
• بِسْمٌ — name
• اللَّهُ — God
• رَحْمَنٌ — merciful
• رَحِيمٌ — compassionate
• ابْنٌ — son
• مَالِكٌ — owner
• رَبٌّ — lord
• خَيْرٌ — good
• نَبِيٌّ — prophet
• مُصْطَفًى — chosen one
• آلٌ — family
• مُسْتَكْمِلٌ — completer
• شَرَفٌ — honor
• حَمْدٌ — praise
• وَحْدٌ — oneness
• صَلَاةٌ — blessing
• سَلَامٌ — peace
• فِعْلٌ — verb
• مَاضٍ — past
• فَاعِلٌ — doer
• مُبْتَدَأٌ — subject
• خَبَرٌ — predicate
• مُضَافٌ — genitive
• نَعْتٌ — adjective
• ضَمِيرٌ — pronoun
• أَصْلٌ — origin
• مَنْعُوتٌ — described
• مَعْلُومٌ — known
• حَقِيقَةٌ — reality
• ادِّعَاءٌ — claim
• إِتْبَاعٌ — following
• إِعْرَابٌ — inflection
• دَاعٍ — caller
• مَدْحٌ — praise
• ذَمٌّ — blame
• حَذْفٌ — omission
• عَامِلٌ — governor
• جُمْلَةٌ — sentence
• بَيَانٌ — explanation
• غُبَارٌ — dust
• عِبَارَةٌ — expression
• نَاظِمٌ — poet
• مَحَلٌّ — place
• مُعْتَرِضٌ — intervening
• قَوْلٌ — saying
• مَقُولٌ — spoken
• مُضَارِعٌ — present
• مُسْتَتِرٌ — hidden
• وُجُوبٌ — necessity
• تَقْدِيرٌ — estimation
• مَنْصُوبٌ — accusative
• تَعْظِيمٌ — veneration
• عَلَامَةٌ — sign
• نَصْبٌ — accusative
• فَتْحَةٌ — fatha
• مُقَدَّرٌ — estimated
• يَاءٌ — ya
• مُتَكَلِّمٌ — speaker
• اشْتِغَالٌ — occupation
• آخِرٌ — end
• كَلِمَةٌ — word
• حَرَكَةٌ — vowel
• مُنَاسَبَةٌ — suitability
• سُكُونٌ — sukoon
• جَرٌّ — genitive case
• عَطْفٌ — conjunction
• بَدَلٌ — substitution
• ظَاهِرٌ — apparent
• حَالٌ — state
• لَازِمٌ — necessary
• مَعْمُولٌ — governed
• مَفْعُولٌ — object
• مَعْنًى — meaning
• حَدَثٌ — event
• وَقْتٌ — time
• وُقُوعٌ — occurrence
• انْتِهَاءٌ — end
• صَاحِبٌ — owner
• جَارٌّ — preposition
• مَجْرُورٌ — genitive
• مُتَعَلِّقٌ — related
• أَلِفٌ — alif
• تَعَذُّرٌ — impossibility
• وَاوٌ — waw
• عَاطِفٌ — conjoining
• مَعْطُوفٌ — conjoined
• هَاءٌ — ha