Sharh Durus al-Balagha by Ibn Uthaymeen (شرح دروس البلاغة) — Page 117

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

عِلْمُ الْمَعَانِي (الْبَابُ الْأَوَّلُ: الْخَبَرُ وَالْإِنْشَاءُ) - وَمَنْ يُطْلَبُ بِهَا تَعْيِينُ الْعُقَلَاءِ، كَقَوْلِكَ: «مَنْ فَتَحَ مِصْرَ؟».

The Science of Meanings (Chapter One: Declarative and Non-Declarative Sentences) - 'Man' (who) is used to request the identification of rational beings, as in your saying: 'Who conquered Egypt?'

وَمَتَى يُطْلَبُ بِهَا تَعْيِينُ الزَّمَانِ مَاضِيًا كَانَ أَوْ مُسْتَقْبَلًا، نَحْوَ: «مَتَى جِئْتَ؟» وَ«مَتَى تَذْهَبُ؟».

'Mata' (when) is used to request the identification of time, whether it is past or future, such as: 'When did you come?' and 'When will you go?'

لَوْ سَأَلْتَ إِنْسَانًا عَنْ آلَةٍ مَعَهُ فَقُلْتُ: «مَا هَذِهِ؟» وَقَالَ: «هَذِهِ رَادْيُو»، فَإِنْ سَأَلْتَهُ ثَانِيًا: «مَا هَذَا الَّذِي مَعَكَ؟»، وَقَالَ: «حَدِيدٌ، وَنَايْلُونٌ، وَأَسْلَاكٌ، وَرَصَاصٌ، أَوْ آلَةٌ مُكَوَّنَةٌ مِنْ كَذَا وَكَذَا، فَهَذَانِ جَوَابَانِ، فَإِنْ سَأَلْتَهُ ثَالِثًا: «مَا هَذَا الَّذِي مَعَكَ»؟ فَأَجَابَ بِجَوَابٍ ثَالِثٍ فَقَالَ: «هَذَا الَّذِي يَأْتِي بِصَوْتِ الْإِذَاعَاتِ»، وَالْأَجْوِبَةُ عَلَى النَّحْوِ التَّالِي:

If you were to ask a person about a device they have with them and said, 'What is this?' and they said, 'This is a radio,' then if you asked them a second time, 'What is this that you have with you?' and they said, 'Iron, nylon, wires, and lead, or a machine composed of such and such,' these are two answers; then if you asked them a third time, 'What is this that you have with you?' and they answered with a third answer, saying, 'This is what brings the sound of broadcasts,' the answers are as follows:

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Vocabulary · المفردات (13 verbs · 35 nouns)

• طَلَبَ — to request
• فَتَحَ — to open
• جَاءَ — to come
• عِلْمٌ — science
• مَعْنًى — meaning
• بَابٌ — chapter