Sharh al-Arba'in al-Nawawiyya by Ibn Uthaymeen (شرح الأربعين النووية) — Page 90

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

خَلْقِكُمْ وَخَلْقِ الَّذِي تَعْمَلُونَهُ وَعَلَى هَذَا الْمَعْنَى يُمْكِنُ أَنْ نَقُولَ: إِنَّ الْآيَةَ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى خَلْقِ أَفْعَالِ الْعِبَادِ عَلَى هَذَا التَّقْدِيرِ لِأَنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ الْمَعْمُولُ مَخْلُوقًا لِلَّهِ، لَزِمَ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَمَلُ الْإِنْسَانِ مَخْلُوقًا، لِأَنَّ الْمَعْمُولَ كَانَ بِعَمَلِ الْإِنْسَانِ، فَالْإِنْسَانُ هُوَ الَّذِي بَاشَرَ الْعَمَلَ فِي الْمَعْمُولِ، فَإِذَا كَانَ الْمَعْمُولُ مَخْلُوقًا لِلَّهِ، وَهُوَ فِعْلُ الْعَبْدِ لَزِمَ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِعْلُ الْعَبْدِ مَخْلُوقًا فَيَكُونَ فِي الْآيَةِ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى خَلْقِ أَفْعَالِ الْعِبَادِ عَلَى كِلَا الِاحْتِمَالَيْنِ.

[Your creation and the creation of what you make], and based on this meaning, we can say: the verse is evidence for the creation of the servants' actions according to this interpretation, because if the thing made is created by Allah, it follows that the human's action must be created, because the thing made was through the human's action, for the human is the one who performed the action upon the thing made; so if the thing made is created by Allah, and it is the servant's action, it follows that the servant's action must be created, and thus there is evidence in the verse for the creation of the servants' actions under both possibilities.

وَمِنْ فَوَائِدِ الْحَدِيثِ: ١٩ - أَنَّ الْقَدَرَ لَيْسَ فِيهِ شَرٌّ، وَإِنَّمَا الشَّرُّ فِي الْمَقْدُورِ، وَتَوْضِيحُ ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ الْقَدَرَ بِالنِّسْبَةِ لِفِعْلِ اللَّهِ كُلُّهُ خَيْرٌ، وَيَدُلُّ لِهَذَا قَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «وَالشَّرُّ لَيْسَ إِلَيْكَ» أَيْ لَا يُنْسَبُ إِلَيْكَ، فَنَفْسُ قَضَاءِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى لَيْسَ فِيهِ شَرٌّ أَبَدًا، لِأَنَّهُ صَادِرٌ عَنْ رَحْمَةٍ وَحِكْمَةٍ، لِأَنَّ الشَّرَّ الْمَحْضَ لَا يَقَعُ إِلَّا مِنَ الشِّرِّيرِ، وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى خَيْرٌ وَأَبْقَى.

Among the benefits of the Hadith: 19 - That the Divine Decree (al-qadar) contains no evil, but rather the evil is in what is decreed (al-maqdur), and the clarification of that is that the Divine Decree, in relation to Allah's action, is entirely good, and this is indicated by the Prophet's saying (peace be upon him): 'And evil is not attributed to You,' meaning it is not ascribed to You; so the very decree of Allah Almighty contains no evil ever, because it proceeds from mercy and wisdom, for pure evil does not occur except from an evil-doer, and Allah Almighty is better and more lasting.

إِذًا كَيْفَ نُوَجِّهُ «وَتُؤْمِنُ بِالْقَدَرِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ»؟

So how do we interpret 'and you believe in the Divine Decree, its good and its evil'?

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Vocabulary · المفردات (19 verbs · 43 nouns)

• خَلَقَ — to create
• عَمِلَ — to do
• أَمْكَنَ — to be possible
• خَلْق — creation
• مَعْنًى — meaning
• آيَة — verse