Sharh al-Arba'in al-Nawawiyya by Ibn Uthaymeen (شرح الأربعين النووية) — Page 18

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

شَرْحُ الْأَرْبَعِينَ النَّوَوِيَّةِ

Explanation of the Forty Nawawi Hadiths.

يَكُونُ عَالِمًا مُعَلِّمًا لِأُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ، فَبَيْنَهُمَا فَرْقٌ عَظِيمٌ.

He is a scholar and a teacher for the nation of Muhammad (peace be upon him), for there is a great difference between the two.

قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «مَنْ طَلَبَ عِلْمًا وَهُوَ مِمَّا يُرِيدُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَنَالَ عَرَضًا مِنَ الدُّنْيَا لَمْ يَرِحْ رَائِحَةَ الْجَنَّةِ» (١)، إِذَا أَخْلَصَ النِّيَّةَ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ.

The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 'Whoever seeks knowledge that is intended for the sake of Allah, but only seeks to attain some worldly gain through it, will not smell the fragrance of Paradise' (1), provided he makes his intention sincere for Allah, the Almighty and Majestic.

ثُمَّ ضَرَبَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مَثَلًا بِالْمُهَاجِرِ فَقَالَ: فَمَنْ كَانَتْ هِجْرَتُهُ

Then the Prophet (peace be upon him) gave an example of the emigrant (Muhajir), saying: 'So whoever's migration...'

الْهِجْرَةُ فِي اللُّغَةِ: مَأْخُوذَةٌ مِنَ الْهَجْرِ وَهُوَ التَّرْكُ.

Migration (Hijrah) in the language is derived from 'al-hajr', which means abandonment.

وَأَمَّا فِي الشَّرْعِ فَهِيَ: الِانْتِقَالُ مِنْ بَلَدِ الْكُفْرِ إِلَى بَلَدِ الْإِسْلَامِ.

As for in Islamic law, it is: moving from a land of disbelief to a land of Islam.

وَهُنَا مَسْأَلَةٌ: هَلِ الْهِجْرَةُ وَاجِبَةٌ أَوْ سُنَّةٌ؟

Here is a question: Is migration obligatory or a Sunnah?

وَالْجَوَابُ: أَنَّ الْهِجْرَةَ وَاجِبَةٌ عَلَى كُلِّ مُؤْمِنٍ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ إِظْهَارَ دِينِهِ فِي بَلَدِ الْكُفْرِ، فَلَا يَتِمُّ إِسْلَامُهُ إِلَّا بِالْهِجْرَةِ، وَمَا لَا يَتِمُّ الْوَاجِبُ إِلَّا بِهِ فَهُوَ وَاجِبٌ كَهِجْرَةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنْ مَكَّةَ إِلَى الْحَبَشَةِ، أَوْ مِنْ مَكَّةَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ.

The answer is: Migration is obligatory upon every believer who cannot manifest his religion in a land of disbelief, so his Islam is not complete except by migrating; and that without which an obligation cannot be fulfilled is itself obligatory, like the migration of the Muslims from Mecca to Abyssinia, or from Mecca to Medina.

فَمَنْ كَانَتْ هِجْرَتُهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ فَهِجْرَتُهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ» كَرَجُلٍ انْتَقَلَ مِنْ مَكَّةَ قَبْلَ الْفَتْحِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ يُرِيدُ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ، أَيْ: يُرِيدُ ثَوَابَ اللَّهِ، وَيُرِيدُ الْوُصُولَ إِلَى اللَّهِ كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَإِن كُنتُنَّ تُرِدْنَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ﴾ [الْأَحْزَابِ:

'So whoever's migration is to Allah and His Messenger, then his migration is to Allah and His Messenger,' like a man who moved from Mecca before the conquest to Medina, desiring Allah and His Messenger, meaning: desiring the reward of Allah and desiring to reach Allah, as in His saying, the Exalted: 'But if you desire Allah and His Messenger' [Al-Ahzab: 29].

إِذًا يُرِيدُ اللَّهَ: أَيْ يُرِيدُ وَجْهَ اللَّهِ وَنُصْرَةَ دِينِ اللَّهِ، وَهَذِهِ إِرَادَةٌ: حَسَنَةٌ.

So, 'desiring Allah' means: desiring the Face of Allah and the support of Allah's religion, and this is a good intention.

وَيُرِيدُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: لِيَفُوزَ بِصُحْبَتِهِ وَيَعْمَلَ بِسُنَّتِهِ وَيُدَافِعَ عَنْهَا وَيَدْعُوَ إِلَيْهَا وَالذَّبَّ عَنْهُ، وَنُصْرَةَ دِينِهِ، فَهَذَا هِجْرَتُهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الْقُدْسِيِّ «مَنْ تَقَرَّبَ إِلَيَّ شِبْرًا تَقَرَّبْتُ إِلَيْهِ

And 'desiring the Messenger of Allah' means: to win his companionship, act according to his Sunnah, defend it, call to it, defend him, and support his religion; so this is his migration to Allah and His Messenger, and Allah the Exalted says in the Qudsi Hadith: 'Whoever draws near to Me by a span, I draw near to him...'

رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ ٣٣٨/٢ بِلَفْظِ: «مَنْ تَعَلَّمَ عِلْمًا مِمَّا يُبْتَغَى بِهِ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ لَا يَتَعَلَّمُهُ إِلَّا لِيُصِيبَ بِهِ عَرَضًا مِنَ الدُّنْيَا لَمْ يَجِدْ عَرْفَ الْجَنَّةِ»، وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ، كِتَابُ الْعِلْمِ، بَابُ الِانْتِفَاعِ بِالْعِلْمِ وَالْعَمَلِ بِهِ حَدِيثُ (٢٥٢). وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ كِتَابُ الْعِلْمِ بَابٌ فِي طَلَبِ الْعِلْمِ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى،

(1) Narrated by Imam Ahmad 2/338 with the wording: 'Whoever learns knowledge that is sought for the Face of Allah, but does not learn it except to attain some worldly gain, will not find the scent of Paradise,' and Ibn Majah, Book of Knowledge, Chapter on Benefiting from Knowledge and Acting Upon It, Hadith (252). And Abu Dawud, Book of Knowledge, Chapter on Seeking Knowledge for Other Than Allah the Exalted, (3664).

Vocabulary · المفردات (19 verbs · 47 nouns)

• كَانَ — to be
• قَالَ — to say
• طَلَبَ — to seek
• أَرَادَ — to want
• نَالَ — to obtain
• رَاحَ — to smell
• أَخْلَصَ — to be sincere
• عَزَّ — to be mighty
• جَلَّ — to be majestic
• ضَرَبَ — to strike
• أَخَذَ — to take
• اسْتَطَاعَ — to be able
• تَمَّ — to be completed
• انْتَقَلَ — to move
• فَازَ — to win
• عَمِلَ — to work
• دَافَعَ — to defend
• دَعَا — to call
• تَقَرَّبَ — to draw near
• شَرْحٌ — explanation
• أَرْبَعِيْنٌ — forty
• نَوَوِيَّةٌ — Nawawiyyah
• عَالِمٌ — scholar
• مُعَلِّمٌ — teacher
• أُمَّةٌ — nation
• فَرْقٌ — difference
• عَظِيْمٌ — great
• نَبِيٌّ — prophet
• عِلْمٌ — knowledge
• عَرَضٌ — commodity
• دُنْيَا — world
• رَائِحَةٌ — scent
• جَنَّةٌ — paradise
• نِيَّةٌ — intention
• مَثَلٌ — example
• مُهَاجِرٌ — emigrant
• هِجْرَةٌ — migration
• لُغَةٌ — language
• هَجْرٌ — abandonment
• تَرْكٌ — leaving
• شَرْعٌ — law
• انْتِقَالٌ — transition
• بَلَدٌ — country
• كُفْرٌ — disbelief
• إِسْلَامٌ — Islam
• مَسْأَلَةٌ — issue
• وَاجِبٌ — obligation
• سُنَّةٌ — tradition
• جَوَابٌ — answer
• مُؤْمِنٌ — believer
• إِظْهَارٌ — manifestation
• دِيْنٌ — religion
• مُسْلِمٌ — Muslim
• رَجُلٌ — man
• فَتْحٌ — conquest
• ثَوَابٌ — reward
• وُصُوْلٌ — arrival
• وَجْهٌ — face
• نُصْرَةٌ — support
• إِرَادَةٌ — will
• حَسَنَةٌ — good
• صُحْبَةٌ — companionship
• ذَبٌّ — defense
• حَدِيْثٌ — hadith
• قُدْسِيٌّ — divine
• شِبْرٌ — span