Sharh al-Ajurrumiyyah by Ibn Uthaymeen (شرح الآجرومية لابن عثيمين) — Page 298

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

النَّعْتُ تَابِعٌ لِلْمَنْعُوتِ فِي رَفْعِهِ، وَنَصْبِهِ، وَخَفْضِهِ» وَلَمْ يَقُلْ: وَجَزْمِهِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْأَفْعَالَ لَا تُنْعَتُ، وَإِذَا كَانَتْ لَا تُنْعَتُ، وَالْجَزْمُ يَكُونُ فِي الْأَفْعَالِ إِذَنْ؛ لَا يُمْكِنُ أَنْ يَكُونَ النَّعْتُ تَابِعًا لِمَنْعُوتٍ فِي جَزْمٍ؛ لِأَنَّ الْجَزْمَ مِنْ خَصَائِصِ الْأَفْعَالِ، وَالْأَفْعَالُ لَا تُنْعَتُ، فَالْأَفْعَالُ يُنْعَتُ بِهَا وَلَا تُنْعَتُ.

(from previous page) ⟵ As for the grammatical analysis, the author, may Allah have mercy on him, says: 'The adjective follows the noun it describes in its nominative, accusative, and genitive cases,' and he did not say 'and its jussive case,' because verbs are not described by adjectives. Since they are not described by adjectives, and the jussive case occurs in verbs, it is impossible for an adjective to follow a noun in the jussive case, because the jussive is a characteristic of verbs, and verbs are not described by adjectives; rather, verbs are used to describe others, but they are not described themselves.

تَقُولُ: «مَرَرْتُ بِرَجُلٍ يُكْرِمُ الضَّيْفَ» وَلَكِنْ لَا تَقُولُ: يُكْرِمُ الضَّيْفَ رَجُلٌ فَتَجْعَلُ رَجُلًا صِفَةً لِـ«يُكْرِمُ»، الْمُهِمُّ أَنَّ الْمُؤَلِّفَ لَمْ يَذْكُرِ الْجَزْمَ؛ لِأَنَّ الْأَفْعَالَ لَا تُنْعَتُ.

You might say, 'I passed by a man who honors the guest,' but you cannot say, 'honors the guest a man,' treating 'man' as an adjective for 'honors.' The point is that the author excluded the jussive because verbs are not described by adjectives.

فَإِذَا صَارَ الْمَنْعُوتُ مَرْفُوعًا صَارَ النَّعْتُ مَرْفُوعًا فَتَقُولُ: «جَاءَ زَيْدٌ الْفَاضِلُ وَلَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ تَقُولَ: جَاءَ زَيْدٌ الْفَاضِلُ» أَوْ «جَاءَ زَيْدٌ الْفَاضِلُ يَجِبُ أَنْ تَقُولَ: «جَاءَ زَيْدٌ الْفَاضِلُ.

If the noun is in the nominative, the adjective must also be in the nominative. For example, you say, 'The virtuous Zayd came.' You cannot use any other case; you must use the nominative.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (16 verbs · 23 nouns)

• قَالَ — to say
• نَعَتَ — to describe
• كَانَ — to be
• نَعْتٌ — adjective
• تَابِعٌ — follower
• مَنْعُوتٌ — described